FINAL

1

Transthoracic echocardiogram is a

1

Ultrasound is a sound wave with a frequency greater than ____

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In order to achieve real-time, continuous movement, ____

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The ____ transmits and receives ultrasound pulses that collide with structures, such as the heart walls and valves.

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When the beam reaches half of its original diameter, the focus is reached; and then beyond that, the far field offers the best resolution.

1

The pediatric transducer typically utilized a _ frequency transducer that provides excellent resolution, while adult transducer utilizes a _ frequency transducer that provides better depth penetration.

1

If the transducer is place too high during the apical views, ___ may result.

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The best 2D image is produced when the transducer is parallel to the structure being examined.

1

Echo windows are determined by the patients physique and sometimes the sonographer needs to practice flexibility and patience in order to find the proper window.

1

2D Echo allows us to visualize the relationship between the heart structures in real time.

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The indicators that travel down the side of the 2D image represent _ and each indicator is equal to _ centimeters.

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M-mode produces an icepick image of the heart and displays it in the form of a time/depth graph.

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M-mode is utilized for timing events of the cardiac cycle.

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M-mode produces a two-dimensional graph of the heart.

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The ASE recommends M-mode dimensions, not 2D dimensions.

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Doppler Echo utilizes ultrasound to record the velocity and direction of the blood flow.

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The CFD appearance is based on ___

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In most labs, flow traveling toward the transducer is _, and flow traveling away from the transducer is _.

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____ Doppler is used to measure blood flow from a specific site that is < 2 m/s

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___ Doppler is superimposed, steerable, and measures any velocity making it ideal for performing valve calculations.

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Continuous wave Doppler detects flow from a specific sample volume.

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Aliasing occurs when the velocity is > 2 m/s while using ___ Doppler.

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What similarities do PWD and CWD share?

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The PEDOF probe is a non-imaging probe; therefore, the sonographer must rely on the ___

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According to the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC), the non-imaging CWD probe must be utilized in the assessment of AS or suspected AS from multiple locations, to include the apex, suprasternal notch, and right parasternal border.

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What is your most important responsibility during exercise electrocardiography?

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Which of the following conditions would be a reason that a patient should not perform exercise electrocardiography?

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What type of test would be performed on a patient who is unable to stand or exercise?

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During exercise electrocardiography, your patient appears to be short of breath. After informing the physician of your suspicions, what would you do?

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Mr. Jones is on several medications and is scheduled for an exercise electrocardiography test tomorrow. What should you do first to determine if he should take his medications prior to the test.

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A beta blocker is

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Which of the following is measured during exercise electrocardiography?

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When educating the female patient for exercise electrocardiography, you should instruct her not to wear

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Patients should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine for at least 8 hours prior to exercise electrocardiography

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Patients should be encouraged to report any symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness, or fatigue during exercise electrocardiography.

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After exercise electrocardiography, the patient should not take a hot bath or shower for at least 2 hours

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You should discuss the results of the exercise electrocardiography with the patient as soon as the results are available.

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Patients should wear comfortable, casual clothing on the day of the test, including tennis shoes and loose-fitting pants.

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You should attach the leads to the chest at the same sites as you would for an ambulatory monitor.

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Emergency equipment should be available in the room or nearby during exercise electrocardiography

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A is an exercise electrocardiography that is invasive because of injection of a substance to view the vessels around the heart

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The middle layer of the heart, composed of muscle tissue is the

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A is a medication used to treat hypertension

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Another name for high blood pressure is

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A stress test in which radioactive tracers are injected to trace the path of blood through the heart is a

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Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow is

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Abnormal cardiac rhythm is called

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A is a physician who specializes in the study of the heart

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Failure of the heart to pump an adequate amount of blood to the tissue is

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Accumulation of plaque and fatty deposits in the coronary arteries that results in reduced blood flow and oxygenation of the heart is

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An echocardiogram is a non invasive diagnostics test that uses ultrasound waves to provide images of the heart and blood vessels

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A false positive is a diagnostic test result that indicates that disease is present when in reality no disease is present

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is calculated by subtracting the patient’s age from 220, then multiplying that number by a percentage between 60 and 85 as directed by the physician

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A noninvasive procedure requires entrance into a body cavity, tissue, or blood vessel.

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A Naughton protocol is most commonly utilized for a stress test

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A modified Bruce protocol is most often used during a stress test for patients with an exercise capacity limited by cardiac disease.

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A 12-Lead ECG is obtained toward the beginning of each stage of exercise electrocardiography

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After a stress test, the patient should avoid alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine for at least 3 hours

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A patient should take all of his prescribed medications on the day of his stress test unless the physician directs otherwise.

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All chest pain is cardiac in origin

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Angina is the heart’s way of complaining it needs more oxygen

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All acute myocardial infarctions present with ST segment elevation

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The A in SAMPLE refers to allergies

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Patients must sign a consent for procedures before receiving narcotics.

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Fibrinolytic agents may be used on any patient

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Beta blockers decrease heart rate and blood pressure

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The circumflex artery supplies blood to the right atrium and ventricle

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What is the name of the innermost layer of an artery?

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Which major coronary artery and vessel supplies blood to both ventricles?

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Which of the following complaints may be cardiac in origin?

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Symptoms of unstable angina include which of the following?

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Which three groups of patients often present with atypical symptoms of MI?

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Due to damage to blood vessels, patients with diabetes are ____ as likely as a non diabetic individual to experience a stroke or heart attack

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Which of the following are included when referring to acute coronary syndrome?

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What percentage of patients may present with STEMI?

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What percentage of patients may present with NSTEMI?

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Heart failure is simply defined as ___

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Which type of heart failure causes fluid to back up in the lungs, causing pulmonary edema?

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Mnemonic devices are commonly used in medicine to ____

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Which of the following would not be done during patient assessment and initial treatment of a cardiac patient ?

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Nitroglycerin causes blood vessels to _ and blood pressure to _.

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Which procedure allows visualization of the coronary arteries and placement of a stent?

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Coumadin is used to ____

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Occlusion of the proximal left coronary artery is often referred to as the

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What should be done in the first 10 minutes of cardiac patients arrival?

Chapter 3,12,14

Transthoracic echocardiogram is a

Ultrasound is a sound wave with a frequency greater than ____

In order to achieve real-time, continuous movement, ____

The ____ transmits and receives ultrasound pulses that collide with structures, such as the heart walls and valves.

When the beam reaches half of its original diameter, the focus is reached; and then beyond that, the far field offers the best resolution.

The pediatric transducer typically utilized a ___ frequency transducer that provides excellent resolution, while adult transducer utilizes a ___ frequency transducer that provides better depth penetration.

If the transducer is place too high during the apical views, ___ may result.

The best 2D image is produced when the transducer is parallel to the structure being examined.

Echo windows are determined by the patients physique and sometimes the sonographer needs to practice flexibility and patience in order to find the proper window.

2D Echo allows us to visualize the relationship between the heart structures in real time.

The indicators that travel down the side of the 2D image represent ___ and each indicator is equal to ___ centimeters.

M-mode produces an icepick image of the heart and displays it in the form of a time/depth graph.

M-mode is utilized for timing events of the cardiac cycle.

M-mode produces a two-dimensional graph of the heart.

The ASE recommends M-mode dimensions, not 2D dimensions.

Doppler Echo utilizes ultrasound to record the velocity and direction of the blood flow.

The CFD appearance is based on ___

In most labs, flow traveling toward the transducer is ___, and flow traveling away from the transducer is ___.

____ Doppler is used to measure blood flow from a specific site that is < 2 m/s

___ Doppler is superimposed, steerable, and measures any velocity making it ideal for performing valve calculations.

The pediatric transducer typically utilized a _ frequency transducer that provides excellent resolution, while adult transducer utilizes a _ frequency transducer that provides better depth penetration.

The indicators that travel down the side of the 2D image represent _ and each indicator is equal to _ centimeters.

In most labs, flow traveling toward the transducer is _, and flow traveling away from the transducer is _.