Physiologic bladder contraction is mediated by acetlycholine at post-ganglionic ❌ receptors (M3). Treatment of abnormal contraction (❌ bladder or detrusor overactivity) is therefor mainly ❌ agents like atropine, propanetheline, solifenacin. Common side effects: dry mouth and eyes, blurred vision, tachycardia, pruritis, sedation, headache, constipation. Contraindication in narrow angle ❌ and urinary retention.
Incontinence due to reduced outlet resistance is usually treated surgically. ❌ receptors contract the urinary sphincter. Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine minimally effective (only ❌ cases). ❌ (SNRI) contracts the sphincter during filling with no effect on relaxation with voiding.
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anticholinergic
anticholinergic
Alpha-adrenergic
Alpha-adrenergic