Matthew Coulson
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The first afternoon of the course - second lecture given.

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Matthew Coulson
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Bacterial Metabolism & Industrial Microbiology

Bacterial Metabolism & Industrial Microbiology

Pregunta 1 de 33

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The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life is known as its

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 33

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Metabolism consists of two processes:
= Breakdown of chemical compounds via exergonic reactions
= Biosynthesis or chemical compounds via endergonic reactions

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 33

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Exergonic reactions
Endergonic reactions

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    require energy
    release energy

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Pregunta 4 de 33

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We have already established that organisms can be classified based on their energy source; Chemotrophs and Phototrophs. The Chemotroph category can be broken down into two further subcategories based on whether the organism utilises organic or inorganic substances:
( Chemoorganotrophs, Chemolithotrophs ) = Utilise organic compounds to obtain energy
( Chemolithotrophs, Chemoorganotrophs ) = Utilise inorganic compounds to obtain energy

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 33

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Different types of bacteria based on oxygen requirement:
1: aerobes need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically.
2: anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen.
3: anaerobes can grow with or without oxygen because they can metabolise energy aerobically or anaerobically.
4: need oxygen because they cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However, they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen.
5: organisms do not require oxygen as they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned by oxygen.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 33

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The difference between aerotolerant and obligate anaerobic bacteria is that whilst they both produce energy anaerobically aerotolerant bacteria are not poisoned by oxygen where obligate anaerobic bacteria are.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 33

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The difference between aerotolerant and obligate anaerobic bacteria is that whilst they both produce energy anaerobically aerotolerant bacteria are not poisoned by oxygen where obligate anaerobic bacteria are.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 33

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Match the mechanism of energy production to its description:
= ATP is generated when a phosphorylated intermediate transfers its phosphate to ADP
= ATP is synthesized during the transport of electrons along an electron transport chain to an electron acceptor
= Similar to oxidative phosphorylation but electrons are provided by reduced chlorophyll molecules

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    Photophosphorylation
    Oxidative Phosphorylation
    Substrate level phosphorylation

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 33

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Chemoorganotrophic bacteria obtain energy (ATP) from carbohydrates by which two basic processes? Alphabetical order.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 33

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How is the ATP produced in fermentation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Substrate level phosphorylation

  • Oxidative phosphorylation

  • Photophosphorylation

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 33

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The Embden Meyerhof pathway is also known as and is the most common biochemical pathway for the fermentation of glucose.

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Pregunta 12 de 33

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The process of glycolysis yields ( 2, 4, 6, 8 ) molecules of ATP

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 33

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One of the main factors of fermentation is that NAD- and NADP+ must be reduced back into NADH and NADPH

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  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 33

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Yeast is grown is grown in two stages:
Firstly, an ( aerobic, anaerobic ) stage to cause yeast to grow and multiply
Secondly, an ( anaerobic, aerobic ) stage to cause yeast to produce energy via fermentation, thus producing ethanol as a by product.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 33

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Which type of fermentation occurs in E.coli?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mixed acid fermentation

  • 2,3-Butanediol Fermentation

  • Propionic Acid Fermentation

  • Butyric Acid Fermentation

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 33

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Which of the following types of fermentation produces the holes seen in swiss cheese due to the release of CO2?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Propionic Fermentation

  • Butyric Acid Fermentation

  • 2-3,Butanediol Fermentation

  • Mixed Acid Fermentation

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 33

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Which of the following types of bacteria utilises Butyric Acid Fermentation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Clostridium

  • Klebsiella

  • Enterobacter

  • Streptococcus

  • Lactobacillus

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 33

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Different microbes produce different fermentation end products:
Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic acid which is important for the
Propionic bacteria produce propionic acid, acetic acid and CO2 which is important for the

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    dairy industry (yoghurts, etc)
    use in Swiss cheese

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 33

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Bioethanol used in some modes of transport is typically produced by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 33

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In ( yeasts, molds ), 10-20% of glucose is degraded via the Pentose Phosphate pathway

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 33

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In terms of respiration, how is the ATP produced?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Substrate-level Phosphorylation

  • Oxidative Phosphorylation

  • Photophosphorylation

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 33

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There are two types of respiration:
Aerobic Respiration, whereby is the final electron acceptor and H20 is formed
Anaerobic Respiration, whereby other inorganic molecules, most commonly , is the terminal electron acceptor.

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 33

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In the TCA cycle of respiration, pyruvate is fully ( oxidised, reduced ) to CO2.

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Pregunta 24 de 33

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The four carbon molecule which combines with Acetyl-Coenzyme A to become a six carbon molecule for the TCA cycle is called .
The six carbon molecule in question is called .

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 33

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How many Acetyl Coenzyme A compounds are yielded from the Pyruvate produced at the end of glycolysis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 1

  • 2

  • 3

  • 4

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 33

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The products of the TCA cycle are:
molecules of CO2
molecules of NADH
molecule of FADH

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 33

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Electrons from the TCA cycle are transferred to the electron transport chain via which of the following?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • CO2

  • NADH

  • FADH

  • GTP

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 33

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Which of the following is also involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and can be produced directly from ketone bodies?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Acetyl CoA

  • Oxaloacetate

  • Succinyl-CoA

  • Alpha Ketoglutarate

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 33

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The generation of an electrochemical potential across a cell membrane via the trapping of H+ions on one side and OH- ions on the other in order to drive the electron transport chain is known as the force

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 33

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The proton motive force is the driving force for ATP synthesis via the membrane enzyme complex called

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Pregunta 31 de 33

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The terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is

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Pregunta 32 de 33

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How many molecules is created in total by Aerobic respiration?

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 33

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Anaerobic respiration is unique to prokaryotes (where terminal electron acceptors other than oxygen are used)

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

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