Bioprocessing

Pregunta 1 de 31

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The production of genetic mutations via a physical change in DNA is known as

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 31

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Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc.
Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 31

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Advantages and Disadvantages of various Expression Hosts:
E.coli:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( No, Yes )
Recombinant protein exported? ( No, Yes )
Number of potential vectors. ( High, Low )
Expression yields. ( Low, Moderate, High )

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( Yes, No )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( Moderate, Low, High )

Pichia Pastoris:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( Yes, No )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( Moderate, Low, High )

Bacillus:
Recombinant protein glycosylated? ( No, Yes )
Recombinant protein exported? ( Yes, No )
Number of potential vectors. ( Low, High )
Expression yields. ( High, Moderate, Low )

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 31

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One of the main advantages of E.coli is that it is a gram negative bacteria and thus produces many which are undesirable in the resulting product.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 31

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A system according to which successive batches of product (e.g. a vaccine) are prepared using the same master compound is called a system.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 31

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The first generation of amplified cells from one of the cells from a master seed are typically known as a seed. From this, a seed is taken and it is from this seed that the product is yielded.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 31

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Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than ( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 31

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A master seed lot must be kept sterile at all times.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 31

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A common form of storage of a master seed is in liquid nitrogen at or below around 70 degrees celsius.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 31

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A ( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 31

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Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular
organisms:
media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit
the growth of other organisms
media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or
groups of organisms.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 31

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media are essentially solutions of buffers with carbohydrates designed to preserve the viability of bacteria during transfer between locations without allowing their multiplication. The primary objective of the use of the this medium is to maintain the specimen as near its original state as possible.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 31

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or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 31

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Which of the following methods of preserving cultures allows the cultures to be stored indefinitely?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Lyophilization
Liquid nitrogen storage
Storage at -70 degrees celsius
Freeze in medium with glycerol
Large stock tubes

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 31

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Difference between sterilisation and disinfection:
❌ is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all living microorganisms including viruses and bacterial spores
❌ is the process of freeing an article or a surface from all or some of the living microorganisms but not necessarily the bacterial spores.

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Disinfection

Sterilisation

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 31

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Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via ( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 31

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Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present.
This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 31

1

The presence of Prion proteins in animal material can cause Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in humans, including the human variant of mad cow disease called...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease
Kawasaki Disease
Bright's Disease
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
Histoplasmosis
Diphyllobothriasis

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 31

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The effect is a regulatory system whereby respiration is repressed by fermentation, except in low sugar conditions. This means that certain organisms, mainly yeasts such as Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, undergo fermentation over respiration when in aerobic conditions as long as they are in a high sugar environment.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 31

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Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run ( aerobically, anaerobically )

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 31

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The process by which fermentors have built in tools which allow them to clean themselves following fermentation thus removing the operating costs/potential contamination caused by human cleaning is called

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 31

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Sterilisation in place is also sometimes necessary in stainless steel fermenters in order to ensure that the vessel is microbiologically clean. This process typically utilises ( high temperature steam, hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, peracetic acid )

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 31

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One of the main challenges faced by ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation ) is the prospect of leachables and extractables migrating into the product during fermentation.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 31

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Comparison between Stainless Steel and Single Use Fermentation:
Conducts fermentation faster = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Produces more product annually = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Lower cost for single fermentation = ( Stainless Steel Fermentation, Single Use Fermentation )
Lower lead time to build fermentation plant = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )
Significant reduction of cross contamination = ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation )

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 31

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The upstream processing is the bioprocessing phase in which cell lines are generated. The downstream processing, on the other hand, is the phase that deals with extraction or separation of desired products from the biomass.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

VERDADERO
FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 31

1

When removing insolubles from a sample, what is the most common mode of doing so?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Centrifugation
Filtration
Sedimentation
Flocculation
Gravity Settling

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 31

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When isolating the desired product from the fermentation end product, which compound is typically the chief impurity?

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 31

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After insolubles are removed and the product has been isolated, a process whereby contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties are separated must occur.
This process is called Product

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 31

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In terms of centrifugation, bacteria need a ( high, low ) speed whereas yeast cells and filamentous fungi (molds) need a ( lower, higher ) speed

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 31

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Chromatographic Separation Techniques:
❌ is based on electrostatic interactions between charged protein groups, and solid support material (matrix).
❌ is typically used to separate out enzymes, hormones, antibodies, etc and involves binding of a protein to a matrix via a protein-specific ligand.
❌ separates molecules based on their molecular size using a porous matrix - the path of elution is proportionate to the molecular size.

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Gel Permeation Chromatography

Affinity Chromatography

Ion exchange chromatography

Thin-layer chromatography

Column chromatography

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 31

1

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Freeze drying, also known as Lyophilization, is the process of removing water from a substance by sublimation, causing it to rapidly change from a ( solid, liquid, gas ) to a ( gas, solid, liquid ), completely bypassing the ( liquid, gas, solid ) stage

	Creado por Matthew Coulson hace alrededor de 5 años

All 5 of the individual 'Chapters' (lectures) presented in this mornings Bioprocessing session (04/10/2019)

Bioprocessing

Bioprocessing

Pregunta 1 de 31

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The production of genetic mutations via a physical change in DNA is known as

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 31

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc. Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 31

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 31

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One of the main advantages of E.coli is that it is a gram negative bacteria and thus produces many which are undesirable in the resulting product.

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 31

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A system according to which successive batches of product (e.g. a vaccine) are prepared using the same master compound is called a system.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 31

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

The first generation of amplified cells from one of the cells from a master seed are typically known as a seed. From this, a seed is taken and it is from this seed that the product is yielded.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 31

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than 5 3 4 6( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 31

A master seed lot must be kept sterile at all times.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 31

A common form of storage of a master seed is in liquid nitrogen at or below around 70 degrees celsius.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 31

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

A colony forming colony expansion colony streak colony progenitor( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 31

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular organisms: media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit the growth of other organisms media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or groups of organisms.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 31

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Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 31

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

or freeze drying is a process in which water is removed from a product after it is frozen and placed under a vacuum, allowing the ice to change directly from solid to vapor without passing through a liquid phase.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 31

Which of the following methods of preserving cultures allows the cultures to be stored indefinitely?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 31

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 31

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via heat chemicals radiation( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 31

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present. This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 31

The presence of Prion proteins in animal material can cause Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies in humans, including the human variant of mad cow disease called...

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 31

Rellena el espacio en blanco para completar el texto.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 31

Selecciona la opción correcta del menú desplegable para completar el texto.

Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run aerobically anaerobically( aerobically, anaerobically )

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 31

Microorganisms can be used as host for production of recombinant products such as proteins, enzymes, etc.
Microorganisms utilised in this way are known as hosts

Typically, a product should be produced by a seed no further than ( 5, 3, 4, 6 ) generations from the master seed.

A ( colony forming, colony expansion, colony streak, colony progenitor ) unit is a unit used to estimate the number of viable bacteria or fungal cells in a sample.

Different types of media are used to isolate or identify particular
organisms:
media allow certain types of organisms to grow, and inhibit
the growth of other organisms
media are used to differentiate between closely related organisms or
groups of organisms.

Generally, the preferred method of sterilisation is via ( heat, chemicals, radiation )

Generally, animal derived materials should not be used for culture due to the risk of the protein being present.
This type of protein can trigger normal proteins in the brain to fold abnormally thus causing severe illness in humans.

Thus, due to the crabtree effect, most fermenters in industry run ( aerobically, anaerobically )

One of the main challenges faced by ( Single Use Fermentation, Stainless Steel Fermentation ) is the prospect of leachables and extractables migrating into the product during fermentation.

After insolubles are removed and the product has been isolated, a process whereby contaminants that resemble the product very closely in physical and chemical properties are separated must occur.
This process is called Product

In terms of centrifugation, bacteria need a ( high, low ) speed whereas yeast cells and filamentous fungi (molds) need a ( lower, higher ) speed