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Papers covered; August 2011 May 2011

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Microorganisms MCQ's 2011

Pregunta 1 de 49

1

Modes of obtaining nutrition, used by at least some bacteria, include all of the following EXCEPT:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chemolithoautrophy

  • Photolithoautrophy

  • Chemoheteroautrophy

  • Chemoorganoheterotrophy

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 49

1

Which of the following forms of oxygen are generally toxic to living organisms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Superoxide anion

  • Hydrogen peroxide

  • Hydroxyl radical

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 49

1

Carrier mediated transport is necessary when:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Diffusion will not allow adequate amounts of a substance to enter the cell

  • Movement into the cell is against a concentration gradient

  • The level of nutrients in nature is very low

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 49

1

The size (as determined by the sedimentation factor) of the most useful RNA molecule for prokaryotic evolutionary studies is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 5S

  • 16S

  • 18S

  • 23S

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 49

1

Which of these environmental factors influence microbial growth?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • pH

  • Water potential

  • Oxygen

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 49

1

The signature sequence is used extensively in the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Phylogenetic probe

  • Reclassification of misclassified organisms

  • Defining of a specific group within a domain

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 49

1

With regards to the bacterial genome which statement is the correct one?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial genome is triploid

  • Bacterial genome is mostly haploid

  • Bacterial genome is mostly diploid

  • Bacterial genome is haploid

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 49

1

With regards to bacterial plasmids which statement is the correct one?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A plasmid is a regulatory gene

  • A plasmid is a short RNA molecule

  • A plasmid is an extra chromosomal DNA molecule

  • A plasmid is a non coding region found in some bacterial genomes

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 49

1

All viruses:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Have a genome that is a single molecule of nucleic acid

  • Are enveloped

  • Encode more proteins in their genomes than those contained in the mature virus particle

  • Have capsids that are icosahedral in shape

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 49

1

Poliovirus:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Has a double-stranded DNA genome

  • Has a capsid that is composed of 240 copies of a single protein

  • Replicates primarily in the upper respiratory tract

  • Belongs to the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 49

1

Which of the following is NOT an alternative name for cutaneous fungal infections of humans:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Superficial mycoses

  • Dermatophytes

  • Mycetoma

  • Ringworms

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 49

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the plant disease triangle:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Susceptible host

  • Climate change

  • Active pathogen

  • Suitable environment

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 49

1

The Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • Mycobacterium bovis

  • Attenuated live Mycobacterium bovis

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 49

1

Which of the following is a bacterial infection?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Whooping cough

  • Polio

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

  • Malaria

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 49

1

Pasteur is attributed with which one of the following discoveries?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Was the first to see microorganisms under a microscope

  • First to discover and use agar

  • That there could be life without air

  • The first chemical antibiotics

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 49

1

The length of a typical E. coli cell is approximately?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 20 μm

  • 2 μm

  • 200 nm

  • 20 nm

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 49

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the correct statement?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 49

1

Which statement is correct with respect to the E.coli chromosome?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is negatively supercoiled

  • It is positively supercoiled

  • There are typically several origins of replication

  • It consists of over 50 million base pairs

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 49

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 93 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 9.3 x 10(7)

  • 9.3 x 10(8)

  • 9.3 x 10(6)

  • 9.3 x 10(5)

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 49

1

Bacterial flagella bring about cell motion by which mechanism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Wave-like movement of the flagellum

  • Rotation of the cell

  • Rotation of the flagellum in one direction only

  • Rotation of the flagellum that is reversible

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 49

1

In the Earth’s biosphere most fungal biomass and diversity is found:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • In the oceans

  • In soils

  • Under glaciers

  • In the atmosphere

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 49

1

Fungal growth and cell division is NOT normally accompanied by:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Biomass acquisition

  • Reduced vitality

  • Nucleic-acid replication

  • Enhanced ability to compete with other microbial species

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 49

1

One factor that is NOT used to prevent or reduce fungal spoilage of processed foods is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Addition of benzene

  • Low water-activity

  • Refrigeration

  • Heat-sterilization

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 49

1

Saprophytic activity is essential for the health of the biosphere because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It facilitates nutrient cycling and waste degradation

  • It kills host organisms and thereby averts overpopulation

  • It facilitates species evolution via endosymbiosis

  • It involves mineralization of inorganic rocks in the lithosphere

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 49

1

The cardinal temperatures are the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Minimum temperatures

  • Optimum temperatures

  • Maximum temperatures

  • Minimum, optimum, and maximum temperatures taken together

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 49

1

Carl Woese of the University of Illinois and his collaborators identified two major branches of prokaryotic evolution. What was the basis for dividing prokaryotes into two domains?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Microscopic examination of the staining characteristics of the cell wall

  • Metabolic characteristics such as the production of methane gas

  • Ecological characteristics such as the ability to survive extreme temperatures

  • Molecular characteristics such as ribosomal RNA sequences

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 49

1

Which prokaryotes should be expected to be most strongly resistant to plasmolysis in hypertonic environments?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Extreme halophiles

  • Extreme thermophiles

  • Methanogens

  • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 49

1

Photoautotophs use:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Light as an energy source and CO2 as a carbon source

  • Light as an energy and methane as a carbon source

  • CO2 as both an energy source and a carbon source

  • All of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 49

1

Addition of blood to a culture medium only allows the haemolytic bacteria that grow on the plate to be picked out. This is an example of a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Selective medium

  • Differential medium

  • Complex medium

  • Synthetic medium

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 49

1

A microbe growing in a functioning refrigerator is probably a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Psychrophile

  • Mesophile

  • Thermophile

  • Hyperthermophile

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 49

1

Which one of the following sentences correctly describes the science of Metagenomics?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Metagenomics is a genome- level study of the whole microbial community

  • Metagenomics is a genomics of industrially and medically important bacteria

  • Metagenomics is a study of genes’ expression

  • Metagenomics is a comparative analysis of the sequenced microbial genomes

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 49

1

Genetic recombination is a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Change of DNA structure caused by radiation

  • Amplification of DNA molecules followed by cell division

  • Physical exchange between DNA molecules

  • Process resulting in protein synthesis

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 49

1

All viruses:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Enter cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis

  • Replicate their genomes in the nucleus of the cell

  • Replicate their genomes in the cytoplasm of the cell

  • Surround their progeny genomes with capsid proteins inside infected cells

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 49

1

Tobacco mosaic virus has:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An icosahedral capsid

  • A helical capsid

  • Multiple copies of each of four proteins making up the capsid

  • Multiple copies of two proteins making up the capsid

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 49

1

Anthrophilic dermatophytes (fungi causing cutaneous infections of humans) are primarily associated with:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Soil

  • Animals

  • Plants

  • Humans

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 49

1

Secondary symptoms of infections of plants by pathogens:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occur at some distance from the point of infection

  • Normally occur close to the site of active infection

  • Are an ideal place to isolate the causal organism

  • Never occur at the same time as primary symptoms

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 49

1

Which one of the following infectious diseases has been eradicated from the human population?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Plague

  • Leprosy

  • Small pox

  • Polio

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 49

1

Which of the following is a host component important in specific immune recognition of extracellular microbes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Antigen

  • Antibody

  • Phagocyte

  • Lipopolysaccharide

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 49

1

With regard to the differences between bacterial and eukaryotic cells which statement is the CORRECT one?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bacterial cells do not contain mitochondria

  • Bacterial cells are always larger than eukaryote cells

  • Bacteria do not contain a chromosome

  • Eukaryotic cells are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 49

1

Koch’s postulates most CORRECTLY relate to which one of the following statements?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The isolation of a bacterium in culture from an infection alone indicates that it caused the disease

  • Isolation and cultivation of a microorganism from a diseased animal, then inoculation into another healthy animal to cause the same disease, followed by re-isolation of the same microorganism, indicates that it is the cause of the disease

  • The observation of virus particles in tissue from a human with disease indicates that it has caused the disease

  • Inoculation of a bacterium into an animal and observation of disease alone indicates that it is the cause of the disease observed

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 49

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • LPS is found in Gram positive cells

  • LPS is found in Gram negative cells in the cytoplasmic membrane

  • LPS is found in the outer-membrane of Gram negative cells.

  • LPS is found inside all bacterial cells

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 49

1

A culture of E. coli is diluted by a factor of 10-6 and, after plating out 100 μl on an agar plate, 57 colonies grew after incubation at 37oC overnight. The original culture therefore contained how many viable E. coli cells per ml?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 5.7 x 10(7)

  • 5.7 x 10(8)

  • 5.7 x 10(6)

  • 5.7 x 10(5)

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 49

1

With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • With respect to differences between members of the archaeal and bacterial domains/kingdoms, which is the CORRECT statement?

  • Only some Archaea are capable of methanogenesis

  • Archaea are sensitive to β-lactam antibiotics

  • Bacteria have similar RNA polymerase to that of Archaea

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 49

1

Which statement is CORRECT with respect to peptidoglycan?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • There are multiple molecules of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls

  • Only Gram positive cells possess peptidoglycan

  • There is only a single molecule of peptidoglycan in a bacterial cell wall

  • Peptidoglycan is only found in Gram negative cell walls

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 49

1

The primary reason that health professionals recommend that new-born babies are not washed is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • So that they can be inoculated with symbiotic yeast species

  • To avoid imbalances in the microbial ecology of indigenous flora

  • To avoid accidental contamination with fungal spores

  • So that clinical microbiologists can study the impact on the current generation

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 49

1

Post-genomic techniques include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Proteomics

  • Use of restriction enzymes

  • Gene sequencing

  • Studies of signal-transduction pathways

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 49

1

Systems biology approaches to the study of fungal cells do NOT necessarily involve:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Generation of data from biological experiments

  • Mathematical quantification of changes in cell components

  • Creation of a model of the cellular system in silico

  • Creation of a conceptual model based on philosophical techniques

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 49

1

Which of these statements is untrue?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Some species of yeasts are highly tolerant to ethanol stress

  • Some species of fungi are extremely xerophilic

  • Many fungi are more tolerant to water stress than any bacterial species

  • Fungi can grow over the entire pH range from 0 to 14

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 49

1

An extremophilic microbe is one which:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Can survive dry conditions

  • Can grow only when there is a mixture of stress parameters (e.g. high temperatures and low pH)

  • Can grow optimally under extreme conditions

  • Becomes dormant under extreme conditions

Explicación