Cognitive processes and structures that influence and are influenced by social behaviour.
Social Thinking (p. 45)
Social Cognition (p. 44)
Central Traits (p. 46)
Stereotypes (p. 49)
In forming first impressions we latch on to certain pieces of information, called central traits, which have disproportionate influence over the final impression.
Asch’s Configural Model (p. 46)
Primacy and Recency (p. 47)
Schema (p. 51)
Script (p. 52)
Traits that have a disproportionate influence on the configuration of final impressions.
Peripheral Traits (p. 46)
Personal Constructs (p. 48)
Behaviour (p. 66)
Traits that have an insignificant influence on the configuration of final impressions.
An order of presentation effect in which earlier presented information has a disproportionate influence on social cognition.
Primacy (p. 47)
Physical Appearance (p. 48)
Focal Attention (p. 63)
Recency (p. 48)
An order of presentation effect in which later presented information has a disproportionate influence on social cognition.
Labelling of information either positive or negative.
Top-Down (p. 70)
Positivity and Negativity (p. 48)
Bottom-Up (p. 70)
Idiosyncratic and personal ways of characterising other people.
Person Schema (p. 52)
Social Encoding (p. 63)
Idiosyncratic and personal ways of characterising other people and explaining their behaviour.
Implicit Personality Theories (p. 48)
Prototype (p. 53)
Bias of first impression based on looks.
Impressions of people that are widely shared among people about the personalities, attitudes and behaviours of people based on group membership.
Perception of whether it is socially acceptable to judge a specific target.
Pre-Attentive Analysis (p. 63)
Salience (p. 63)
Social Judgeability (p. 49)
Elaborative Reasoning (p. 63)
Cognitive structure that represents knowledge about a concept or type of stimulus, including its attributes and the relations among those attributes.
Vividness (p. 64)
Select all the different types of schema.
Role Schema (p. 52)
Content-Free Schema (p. 53)
Self-Schema (p. 53)
A schema representing knowledge structures about specific individuals.
A schema representing knowledge structures about a role occupant.
A schema about an event.
A schema with a limited number of rules for how we process information.
A schema representing knowledge about yourself.
Cognitive representation of the typical.
Fuzzy Set (p. 53)
When a category is considered a fuzzy set of features organised around a prototype.
Stereotype (p. 49)
A slow and gradual change in response to new evidence.
Bookkeeping (p. 62)
Conversion (p. 62)
Subtyping (p. 62)
Bottom-Up Processing (p. 70)
A sudden and massive change due to a build-up of information.
When we form new subcategories within that schema.
The process whereby external social stimuli are represented in the mind of the individual.
Top-Down Processing (p. 70)
Select the key stages of social encoding.
Comprehension (p. 63)
Making a general automatic and nonconscious scanning of the environment.
To notice something and consciously identify or categorise.
Applying semantic meaning to the stimuli being identified.
Social encoding process whereby links to other pieces of information are made.
The property of a stimulus that makes it stand out relative to other stimuli and attract attention.
Accessibility (p. 65)
Appearance (p. 66)
An intrinsic property of the stimulus itself that makes it stand out and attract attention.
Traits (p. 66)
The ease of recall of categories or schemas.
Availability Heuristic (p. 74)
What we remember about other people.
Person Memory (p. 66)
Representativeness Heuristic (p. 73)
Select the three contents of person memory.
Elaborate inferences from behaviour or situations.
Perceived purposeful actions stored as goals.
Directly observable and concrete information.
The inferential processes (which can be quite formal and abstract, or intuitive and concrete) that we use to identify, sample and combine information to form impressions and make judgements.
Social Inference (p. 70)
Stereotyping (p. 49)
Cognitive short-cuts that provide adequately accurate inferences for most of us most of the time.
Heuristics (pages 73-74)
Select all the different types of heuristics.
Anchoring and Adjustment (p. 74)
A cognitive short-cut in which instances are assigned to categories or types on the basis of overall similarity or resemblance to the category.
A cognitive short-cut in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is based on how quickly instances or associations come to mind.
A cognitive short-cut in which inferences are tied to initial standards or schemas.