A relatively enduring organisation of beliefs, feelings and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols.
Attitude
Personality
Attribute
Cognition
A group of attitude theories stressing that people try to maintain internal consistency, order and agreement among their various cognitions.
Cognitive Consistency Theories
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Balance Theories
Internal Consistency Theories
People prefer attitudes that are consistent with each other over those that are inconsistent. A person (P) tries to maintain consistency in attitudes to, and relationships with, other people (O) and elects of the environment (X).
Balance Theory
Sociocognitive Model
Induced Compliance
Information Integration Theory
An unpleasant state of psychological tension generated when a person has two or more cognitions (bits of information) that are inconsistent or do not fit together.
Effort Justification
Self-perception Theory
Inconsistency is experienced when a person makes a considerable effort to achieve a modest goal.
Free Choice
Spreading Attitude Effect
The process of forming our attitudes, mainly from our own experiences, the influences of others and our emotional reactions.
Forming Attitudes
Modelling
Attitude Strength.
Attitude Stability
Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object.
Mere exposure effect
Direct experience
Continuous exposure effect
Experience effect
Pairing a neutral stimulus with a unconditioned stimulus.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Stimulus exposure
Instrumental conditioning
A liked or disliked person (or attitude object) may affect not only the evaluation of a second person directly associated but also others merely associated with the second person.
Spreading attitude effect
Shared evaluation effect
Associated attitude effect
Object transference
Tendency for a person to reproduce the actions, attitudes and emotional responses exhibited by a real-life or symbolic model.
Observational learning
Vicarious learning
Vicarious reinforcement
Idea that you gain knowledge about yourself by making an attribution or explanation of your own behaviour.
Self-perception theory
Forming attitudes
Insight
Paring reinforcement or punishment with a behaviour to either increase or decrease the strength of behaviour.
Stimulus strength
Message intended to change an attitude and related behaviours of an audience.
Persuasive Communication
Semantics
Attention Comprehension
Moderating
The point of origin of a persuasive communication.
Source
Message
Audience
Communicator
Communication from a source directed to an audience.
Signal
Intended target of a persuasive communication.
Receiver
When people attend to a message carefully, they use a central route to process it; otherwise they use peripheral route.
Elaboration-likelihood model
Heuristic-systematic model
Resistance to Persuasion
Systematic processing
When people attend to a message carefully, they use systematic processing; otherwise they process by using heuristics (mental short cuts).
Semantic processing
Attitude strength
People try to protect their freedom to act. When they perceive that this freedom has been curtailed, they will act to regain it.
Reactance
Resistance
Forewarning
Inoculation effect
Advance knowledge that one is to be the target of persuasion attempt. Often produces resistance to persuasion.
Attitude accessibility
What are some functions of attitudes? (pick all that apply)
Saves cognitive energy
Knowledge
Instrumentality
Ego offence
Value defensiveness
A variable that qualifies an otherwise simple hypothesis with a view to improving its predictive power.
Moderator variable
Confounding variable
Contributing variable
Hypothesis variable
Variables relating to characteristics of the source that significantly affect how acceptable the message will be perceived.
Credibility
Physical appearance
Familiarity
Similarity
Gender
Individual differences
Variables that affect how persuasive a message is.
Repetition
Facts
Feelings
Framing
Sadness
What variables from the audience affect the message's persuasiveness?
Self-esteem
Age
Prior beliefs
Generosity
Technology
A way of making people resistant to persuasion. By providing them with a diluted counter-argument, they can build up effective refutations to a later, stronger argument.
Persuasive communication
Based on attitude bolstering, Resistance could be strengthened by providing additional arguments that back up the original beliefs.
Supportive defence
Inoculation defence
Supportive offence
Inoculation offence
Employs counter-arguments and may be more effective. A person leans what the opposition’s arguments are then hears them demolished.
How easy an attitude comes to mind.
Attitude persuasion
Attitude reluctance
How strong someone’s attitude is.
