Behaviour among individuals that is regulated by those individuals’ awareness of and identification with different social groups.
Intergroup Behaviour (p. 414)
Social Categorization (p. 429)
Social Identity Theory (p. 430)
Self-Categorization Theory (p. 430)
A group to which people belong.
Ingroup (p. 414)
Outgroup (p. 414)
Ingroup Favouritism (p. 431)
A group to which people do not belong.
Classification of people as members of different social groups.
Stereotype (p. 431)
Theory of group membership and intergroup relations based on self-categorization, social comparison and the construction of a shared self-definition in terms of ingroup-defining properties.
Social Identity (p. 431)
Turner and associates’ theory of how the process of categorizing oneself as a group member produces social identity and group and intergroup behaviours.
That part of the self-concept that derives from our membership in social groups.
Evaluative preference for all aspects of our own group relative to other groups.
Ethnocentrism (p. 420)
Intergroup Differentiation (p. 431
Behaviour that favours one’s own group over other groups.
Intergroup Differentiation (p. 431)
Behaviour that emphasises differences between our own group and other groups.
Widely shared and simplified evaluative image of a social group and its members.
A sense of having less than we feel entitled to.
Relative Deprivation (p. 415)
Bargaining (p. 462)
Arbitration (p. 463)
Conciliation (p. 464)
A feeling of personally having less than we feel we are entitled to, relative to our aspirations or to other individuals.
Egoistic Relative Deprivation (p. 416)
Fraternalistic Relative Deprivation (p. 416)
Sense that our group has less than it is entitled to, relative to its aspirations or to other groups.
Sherif ’s theory of intergroup conflict that explains intergroup behaviour in terms of the nature of goal relations between groups.
Realistic Conflict Theory (p. 422)
Intergroup Relations (p. 420)
Contact Hypothesis (p. 456)
Emergent Norm Theory (p. 449)
Relations between two or more groups and their respective members.
Goals that both groups desire but that can be achieved only by both groups cooperating (shared goals that were unachievable by either group alone).
Superordinate Goals (p. 421, 460)
Mediation (p. 462)
Collective Behaviour (p. 444)
The view that bringing members of opposing social groups together will improve intergroup relations and reduce prejudice and discrimination.
Process of intergroup conflict resolution where representatives reach agreement through direct negotiation.
Process of intergroup conflict resolution where a neutral third party intervenes in the negotiation process to facilitate a settlement.
Process of intergroup conflict resolution in which a neutral third party is invited to impose a mutually binding settlement.
Process whereby groups make cooperative gestures to one another in the hope of avoiding an escalation of conflict.
The behaviour of people en masse – such as in a crowd, protest or riot.
Deindividuation (p. 446)
Process whereby people lose their sense of socialised individual identity and engage in unsocialised, often antisocial, behaviours.
Collective behaviour is regulated by norms based on distinctive behaviour that arises in the initially normless crowd.