Emily Doyle
Test por , creado hace más de 1 año

Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition

2206
2
0
Emily Doyle
Creado por Emily Doyle hace más de 4 años
Cerrar

Chapter 22: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Pregunta 1 de 40

1

The effects of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion include
which solute?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Sodium and water retention

  • Sodium retention and water loss

  • c. Sodium dilution and water retention

  • Sodium dilution and water loss

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 40

1

Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Being treated for small cell carcinoma of the stomach

  • Taking high dose acetaminophen (Tylenol) for arthritis

  • Had a hip replacement operation 14 days ago

  • Has long-standing kidney disease from diabetes

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 40

1

Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome
of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hypernatremia and urine hypoosmolality

  • . Serum potassium (K+) level of 5 mEq/L and urine hyperosmolality compared to
    serum

  • Serum sodium (Na+) level of 120 mEq/L and serum osmolality 260 mOsm/kg

  • Serum potassium (K+) of 2.8 mEq/L and serum hyperosmolality

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 40

1

What is diabetes insipidus a result of?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Antidiuretic hormone hyposecretion

  • Antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion

  • Insulin hyposecretion

  • Insulin hypersecretion

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 40

1

A patient who is diagnosed with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 L/day.
Electrolytes are within normal limits, but the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low.
Although the patient has had no intake for 4 hours, no change in the polyuria level has occurred. What treatment or diagnostic testing does the healthcare professional prepare the
patient for?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Administration of desmopressin

  • Serum copeptin testing

  • Insulin administration

  • Renal angiogram

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 40

1

A patient is having a water deprivation test. The patient’s initial weight was 220 pounds (100 kg). The next weight is 209 pounds (95 kg). What action by the healthcare professional is
most appropriate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stop the water deprivation test.

  • Administer salt tablets.

  • Continue with the test as planned.

  • Take the patient’s blood glucose.

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 40

1

A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Anterior pituitary tumor

  • Thalamus hypofunction

  • Posterior pituitary trauma

  • Renal tubule disease

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 40

1

Which form of diabetic insipidus (DI) will result if the target cells for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the renal collecting tubules demonstrate insensitivity?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Neurogenic

  • Nephrogenic

  • Psychogenic

  • Ischemic

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 40

1

Which laboratory value is consistent with diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Low urine-specific gravity

  • Low serum sodium

  • Low urine protein

  • High serum total protein

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 40

1

A patient has nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI). What treatment does the healthcare professional anticipate for this patient?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Exogenous ADH replacement

  • Intranasal desmopressin

  • Water and sodium restriction

  • Loop diuretic administration

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 40

1

Which condition may result from pressure exerted by a pituitary tumor?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hypothyroidism

  • Hypercortisolism

  • Diabetes insipidus

  • Insulin hyposecretion

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 40

1

A healthcare professional reads a chart that notes the patient has panhypopituitarism. What does the professional understand that term to mean?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the anterior pituitary gland.

  • The patient has a lack of all hormones associated with the lateral pituitary gland.

  • The patient has total adrenocorticoptropic hormone deficiency.

  • The patient has a dysfunction of the posterior pituitary gland due to a tumor.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 40

1

Visual disturbances are a result of a pituitary adenoma because of what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Liberation of anterior pituitary hormones into the optic chiasm

  • Pituitary hormones clouding the lens of the eyes

  • Pressure of the tumor on the optic chiasm

  • Pressure of the tumor on the optic and oculomotor cranial nerves

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 40

1

A patient has an enlarged tongue, body odor, rough skin, and coarse hair. Which laboratory result does the healthcare professional associate with this presentation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Decreased blood glucose

  • Increased growth hormone

  • Decreased ACTH

  • Increased TSH

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 40

1

A patient has acromegaly. What assessment by the healthcare professional would be most important?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Skin condition

  • Sleep patterns

  • Bowel function

  • Range of motion

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 40

1

Why does giantism occur only in children and adolescents?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Their growth hormones are still diminished.

  • Their epiphyseal plates have not yet closed.

  • Their skeletal muscles are not yet fully developed.

  • Their metabolic rates are higher than in adulthood.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 40

1

A patient chart notes the patient has amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteoporosis.
What diagnostic test would the healthcare professional prepare the patient for?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Water deprivation test

  • Hemoglobin A1C

  • CT scan of the head

  • Ovarian biopsy

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 40

1

What does Graves’ disease develop from?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A viral infection of the thyroid gland that causes overproduction of thyroid hormone

  • An autoimmune process during which lymphocytes and fibrous tissue replace
    thyroid tissue

  • A thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin that causes overproduction of thyroid hormones

  • An ingestion of goitrogens that inhibits the synthesis of the thyroid hormones, causing a goiter

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 40

1

Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Constipation with gastric distention

  • Bradycardia and bradypnea

  • Hyperthermia and tachycardia

  • Constipation and lethargy

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 40

1

Which pathologic changes are associated with Graves’ disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins

  • Diminished levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone

  • High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone

  • Diminished levels of thyroid-binding globulin

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 40

1

A healthcare professional is palpating the neck of a person diagnosed with Graves’ disease.
What finding would the professional associate with this disorder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Parathyroids left of midline

  • Thyroid small with discrete nodules

  • Parathyroids normal in size

  • Thyroid diffusely enlarged

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 40

1

A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the
person to include in the diet?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Iron

  • Iodine

  • Zinc

  • Magnesium

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 40

1

A patient has a suspected thyroid carcinoma. What diagnostic test does the healthcare
professional prepare the patient for?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Measurement of serum thyroid levels

  • Radioisotope scanning

  • Ultrasonography

  • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 40

1

Renal failure is the most common cause of which type of hyperparathyroidism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Primary

  • Secondary

  • Exogenous

  • Inflammatory

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 40

1

A patient had a thyroidectomy and now reports tingling around the mouth and has a positive Chvostek sign. What laboratory finding would be most helpful to the healthcare professional?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • TSH and T4

  • Serum sodium

  • Serum calcium

  • Urine osmolality

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 40

1

A patient diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has the following laboratory values:
arterial pH 7.20; serum glucose 500 mg/dL; positive urine glucose and ketones; serum
potassium (K+) 2 mEq/L; serum sodium (Na+) 130 mEq/L. The patient reports that he has
been sick with the “flu” for 1 week. What relationship do these values have to his insulin
deficiency?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increased glucose use causes the shift of fluid from the intravascular to the intracellular space.

  • Decreased glucose use causes fatty acid use, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis, and osmotic diuresis.

  • Increased glucose and fatty acids stimulate renal diuresis, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.

  • Decreased glucose use results in protein catabolism, tissue wasting, respiratory acidosis, and electrolyte loss

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 40

1

Why does polyuria occur with diabetes mellitus?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Formation of ketones

  • Chronic insulin resistance

  • Elevation in serum glucose

  • Increase in antidiuretic hormone

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 40

1

A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The
professors’ response would be that Type 2 is best described as what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues

  • Need for lifelong insulin injections

  • Increase of glucagon secretion from beta cells of the pancreas

  • Presence of insulin autoantibodies that destroy beta cells in the pancreas

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 40

1

A person diagnosed with type 1 diabetes experienced an episode of hunger, lightheadedness, tachycardia, pallor, headache, and confusion. The healthcare professional teaches the person that what is the most probable cause of these symptoms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hyperglycemia caused by incorrect insulin administration

  • Dawn phenomenon from eating a snack before bedtime

  • Hypoglycemia caused by increased exercise

  • Somogyi effect from insulin sensitivity

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 40

1

Which serum glucose level would indicate hypoglycemia in a newborn?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 28 mg/dL

  • 40 mg/dL

  • 60 mg/dL

  • 80 mg/dL

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 40

1

When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and
hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fluid loss

  • Weight loss

  • Increased serum glucose

  • Kussmaul respirations

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 40

1

Hypoglycemia, followed by rebound hyperglycemia, is observed in those with what?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The Somogyi effect

  • The dawn phenomenon

  • Diabetic ketoacidosis

  • Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 40

1

A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • More frequent blood glucose monitoring

  • Moderate dietary sodium restriction

  • Treatment with an ACE inhibitor

  • Home blood pressure monitoring

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 40

1

Which classification of oral hypoglycemic drugs decreases hepatic glucose production and
increases insulin sensitivity and peripheral glucose uptake?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Biguanide (metformin)

  • Sulfonylureas (glyburide)

  • Meglitinides (glinides)

  • α-Glycosidase inhibitor (miglitol)

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 40

1

What causes the microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow.

  • Pressure in capillaries increases as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water.

  • The capillary basement membranes thicken, and cell hyperplasia develops.

  • Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries.

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 40

1

A healthcare professional advises a person with diabetes mellitus to have an annual eye exam.
When the person asks why this is necessary, the professional states that retinopathy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus because of what reason?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Plaques of lipids develop in the retinal vessels.

  • Pressure in the retinal vessels increase as a result of increased osmotic pressure.

  • Ketones cause microaneurysms in the retinal vessels.

  • Retinal ischemia and red blood cell aggregation occur.

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 40

1

A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Previous thyroid surgery

  • Urine osmolality

  • Serum electrolytes

  • Use of glucocorticoids

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 40

1

A person may experience which complications as a result of a reduction in parathyroid hormone (PTH)? (Select all that apply.)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Muscle spasms

  • Tonic-clonic seizures

  • Laryngeal spasms

  • Hyporeflexia

  • Asphyxiation

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 40

1

A chronic complication of diabetes mellitus is likely to result in microvascular complications
in which areas? (Select all that apply.)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Eyes

  • Coronary arteries

  • Renal system

  • Peripheral vascular system

  • Nerves

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 40

1

What are clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? (Select all that apply.)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Intolerance to heat

  • Restlessness

  • Constipation

  • Bradycardia

  • Lethargy

Explicación

Anterior
Revisar respuesta
Siguiente