Emily Doyle
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Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis of Disease in Adults and Children 8th Edition

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Emily Doyle
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Chapter 46: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Pregunta 1 de 30

1

Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length of bone occur?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Epiphyseal line

  • Physeal plate

  • Epiphyseal cartilage

  • Metaphyseal plate

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 30

1

A healthcare professional is educating an expectant parent class. Which skeletal deformity does the professional tell them is normal at birth but generally disappears by years of age?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Genu varum (bowleg)

  • Genu valgum (knock knee)

  • Equinovarus (clubfoot)

  • Pes planus (flat feet)

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 30

1

A healthcare professional wants to estimate the total mass of muscle in a patient’s body. What serum laboratory test should the professional evaluate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Albumin

  • Blood urea nitrogen

  • Creatinine

  • Creatine

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 30

1

A healthcare professional working with children learns that which is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Vestigial tabs

  • Paget disease

  • Rickets

  • Syndactyly

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 30

1

What diagnosis is given to parents when their infant’s hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dislocatable hip

  • Subluxated hip

  • Dislocated hip

  • Subluxable hip

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 30

1

Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds

  • . Leg-length discrepancy

  • Waddling gait

  • Pain

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 30

1

To assess for osteogenesis imperfecta, which laboratory result would the healthcare
professional expect to find?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Increased phosphorus

  • Decreased calcium

  • Increased alkaline phosphatase

  • Decreased total protein

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 30

1

A child has a disorder that resulted in the failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity. What treatment plan does the healthcare professional discuss with the parents?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Extremely careful handling

  • Increasing vitamin D intake

  • Revascularization

  • Containment and motion therapy

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 30

1

An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • C

  • B12

  • B6

  • D

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 30

1

A child has scoliosis with a 40-degree curvature of the spine, and the parent is worried about pulmonary involvement. What statement by the healthcare professional is most appropriate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • “Scoliosis is a bone disorder and does not affect the lungs.”

  • “Yes, we should obtain pulmonary function studies soon.”

  • “Scoliosis severe enough to involve the lungs would be fatal.”

  • “The lungs aren’t affected until the curvature is over 80 degrees.”

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 30

1

In osteomyelitis, bacteria gain access to the subperiosteal space in the metaphysis. What factor makes this route the easiest for bacteria to gain access to this area?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cortex of the bone in this area is porous or mazelike.

  • Blood supply to the metaphysis is easily compromised

  • Macrophages and lymphocytes have limited access to the subperiosteal space.

  • Bacteria usually spread down the medullary cavity of the bone.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 30

1

The student wants to know how the clinical manifestations and onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) differ from those of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults. What answer by the healthcare professional is best?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • JIA begins insidiously with systemic signs of inflammation.

  • JIA predominantly affects large joints.

  • JIA has more severe joint pain than adult RA.

  • JIA has a rapid onset of generalized aches as the first symptom.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 30

1

An adolescent has been diagnosed with osteochondrosis. How does the healthcare
professional describe the pathophysiology to the teen?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Imbalance between calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

  • Nutritional deficiency of calcium and phosphorus

  • Bacterial infection of the bone

  • Vascular impairment and trauma to bone

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 30

1

Which bones are affected in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Heads of the femur

  • Distal femurs

  • Heads of the humerus

  • Distal tibias

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 30

1

What does the student learn about the pain experienced with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Elbow and upper and lower arm pain is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.

  • Knee, inner thigh, and groin pain is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs.

  • Knee, inner thigh, and groin pain is aggravated by activity and relieved by rest.

  • Elbow and upper and lower arm pain is described as a continuous ache and relieved by antiinflammatory drugs.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 30

1

The healthcare professional directs a student to assess a teen who has Osgood-Schlatter disease. What assessment finding does the student anticipate for this disorder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow

  • Inflammation of the anterior cruciate ligament

  • Bursitis of the subscapular bursa in the glenohumeral joint

  • Tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 30

1

At birth, the diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP) may be made based on what factor?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Brain trauma

  • Prematurity

  • Major brain malformation

  • Genetic defect

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 30

1

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy and the parents want to know how this occurred. Which statement by the healthcare professional is most accurate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • X-linked recessive inheritance

  • Common SMN1 gene abnormality

  • Autosomal dominant inheritance

  • Inheritance is not well defined

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 30

1

Which protein, absent in muscle cells of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, mediates the anchoring of skeletal muscle fibers to the basement membrane?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Syntrophin

  • Laminin

  • Dystrophin

  • Troponin

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 30

1

A child has Duchenne muscular dystrophy. What complication does the healthcare
professional teach the parents is most important to control?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Respiratory infection

  • Joint contractures

  • Urinary tract infection

  • Fractures from falling

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 30

1

Generally, what is the first symptom of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Inability to open the eyes completely

  • Difficulty standing

  • Drooping shoulders

  • Facial pain

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 30

1

What is the most common malignant bone tumor diagnosed during childhood?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chondrosarcoma

  • Fibrosarcoma

  • Ewing Sarcoma

  • Osteosarcoma

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 30

1

Molecular analysis has demonstrated that osteosarcoma is associated with which gene?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • TP53

  • src

  • myc

  • TSC2

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 30

1

A child has osteosarcoma and the healthcare team is assessing for metastases. What diagnostic study would be the priority?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pancreatic enzyme analysis

  • Liver biopsy

  • Chest x-ray or CT scan

  • Brain MRI

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 30

1

What does a Ewing sarcoma arise from?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bone marrow

  • Bone-producing mesenchymal cells

  • Metadiaphysis of long bones

  • Embryonal osteocytes

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 30

1

Rhabdomyosarcoma can develop in which type of muscle?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cardiac

  • Smooth

  • Involuntary

  • Striated

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 30

1

A newborn is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. What organism does the healthcare professional prepare to treat?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Staphylococcus aureus

  • Escherichia coli

  • Group B streptococcus

  • Bacillus anthracis

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 30

1

A student asks what the cause of structural scoliosis is. What explanation by the professor is accurate?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Poor posture

  • Vertebral rotation

  • Poor calcium absorption

  • Intrauterine trauma

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 30

1

What does the student learn about bone growth before adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Growth in the length of bone occurs at the physeal plate.

  • Growth occurs through endochondral ossification.

  • Bone growth takes place under hormonal control.

  • Cartilage cells at the epiphyseal side of the physeal plate multiply and enlarge.

  • Cartilage cells at the metaphyseal side of the plate are replaced by bone.

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 30

1

The anatomic makeup of which bone structures make them susceptible locations for osteomyelitis in children? (Select all that apply.)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hip joint

  • Distal femur

  • Proximal humerus

  • Distal radius

  • Lateral ankle

Explicación

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