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Creado por Sisa Fable
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Natural Selection
adaptive radiation
speciation
artificial selection
homologous structures
analogous
convergent evolution
Ecological niche
founder effect
bottleneck effect
genetic drift
gene flow
sexual dimorphism
allopatric speciation
sympatric speciation
rooted phylogenetic tree
polytomy
sister taxa
biological species concept
macroevolution
microevolution
intersexual selection
punctuated equilibria
Gradualism
autopolyploid
allopolyploid
heterochrony
paedomorphosis
homeotic gene
monophyletic
paraphyletic
polygenic inheritance
shared ancestral character
shared derived character
Carolus Linnaeus
Cuvier - Geologist
Hutton - Geologist
Lyell - Geologist
Hutton + Lyell
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Adaptive Radiation example
Theory of Evolution in three words......
Geologists and Biologists that came before Darwin
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Observation 1
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Observation 2
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Observation 3
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Observation 4
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Inference 1
Darwin’s Observations and Inferences
Inference 2
How long does artificial selection take?
How long does Natural Selection take?
Natural selection works on
Evidence – For Descent w/ Modification
How old is the Earth?
Evidence – Biogeography
Endemic
Pangaea
Analogous traits arise
Convergent evolution does NOT
Darwin's Theory
A theory of Science is based on.....
Genes
Genotype
Phenotype
Does Genotype always lead to Phenotype?
Species
Population
Evolution works on.....
Natural Selection works on ...
Microevolution works on ....
Three main causes that drive genetic changes
Sources of Genetic Variation
Point Mutation
Source of most genetic variation
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
What does the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium formula state?
Calculate p allele
4 Key Points of Genetic Drift
Relative Fitness
3 Modes of Selection
Directional Selection
Disruptive Selection
Stabilizing selection
Sexual selection
What can sexual selection result in?
Male showiness
The good genes hypothesis suggests...
What do you need in order to distinguish species?
Reproduction Isolation
Reproduction Isolation Purpose
Prezygotic barriers
Postzygotic barriers
Morphological species
Ecological species
Phylogenic species
What has a high degree of allopatric speciation?
Two forms of Polyploidy
Patterns with Hybrid Zones
Rate of Speciation
Two things that Rate of Speciation tells us...
How Old is the Earth?
Origin of Earth
Earliest evidence of life on Earth?
Ribozymes
Sedimentary Rocks
The fossil record reveals....
Fossil Types
Sedementary Strata
Radiometric Dating
Half-life of an isotope
What happens to a "parent" isotope?
Age of prokaryotes
Age of oxygen
Age of Eukaryotes
Age of Cambrian Explosion
Age of Colonization of Land
Age of Jurassic
First single celled organisms
Multicellularity (1.5bya)
Evidence for Endosymbiont Model
First Eukaryotes (2.1bya)
Oxygenic Pathway (2.7bya)
Cambrian Explosion
Land Colonization (500mya)
Affecting Life on Earth
Continental Drift
If all the continents come together what two significant things would
happen?
Evolutionary Trends
Evolutionary Novelties
Systemics
Phylogeny
Correct way to write Scientific names
Taxonomic Hierarchy
Example of a rooted tree
Cladogram
Shared primitive character
Ingroup
Outgroup
Phylograms
Ultrametric trees
How does an Ultrametric tree differ from a phylogram?
Hypothesis for the origin of life on Earth
Is evolution goal oriented?
The Endosymbiotic Theory
Environmental challenges of living on land
What type of mutation plays the most important role in increasing the number of genes in the gene pool?
Which of the following is the best example of gene flow?
Which of the following reproductive barriers actually prevents individuals of closely related species from copulating successfully?
Mutations in what class of genes have probably been responsible for many of the changes leading to the great diversity of life existing today?
There are two groups of pine trees that appear to be very similar phenotypically and genotypically. However, one releases pollen in January, when the female structures of that group are receptive, and one in March. What kind of reproductive barrier is this?
How did some strains of Staphylococcus aureus become resistant to antibiotic drugs?
Lyell's principle of unifomitarianism _______?
In Hardy-Weinberg equation, p2 represents ____________?
Selection that acts over evolutionary time to preserve traits that increase an individuals ability to mate is known as _______?
In the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 1 represents ______________?
What is the name of the theory that suggests that eukaryotic organisms evolved from engulfing prokaryotic organisms and then creating an obligate relationship with them?
What is the term given to an organism that becomes able to reproduce (accelerated reproductive development) before the body is an adult (somatic development).
Scientific names (Genus species) are better to use than common names because they clear up ambiguities, particularly misunderstandings based on language barriers
Show the events of life on Earth in the correct order.
cephalic index or cranial index
long-headed
Short headed
short-headed
What prevents closely related species from reproducing?
Intrasexual selection
Intersexual selection
Evolution is a process resulting in changes in the ________ of populations over time
correct order from the most broad classification to most specific.
Which of the following i a key observation that must be explained in a unifying theory of life?
The breeding of plants and animals for particular traits by humans is called....
What did Darwin observe about species on islands?
Vestigial organs are ............
During his voyage around the world, Darwin was inspired to think about evolution by............
At the time Charles Darwin sailed on HMS Beagle............
Two lines of evidence to support Darwin's theory of descent with modification in natural populations
On an evolutionary tree.......
In Darwin's view of descent with modification.......
A population of zooplankton is exposed to a small number of predatory fish that feed on the larger-sized (adult) zooplankton. What prediction would most likely occur based on the principles of natural selection?
What insight did Darwin gain from reading Thomas Malthus's essay on human suffering?
The scala naturae, or scale of nature, is based on the ideas of..........
Animals that possess homologous structures probably..............
All know organisms translate genetic information to produce protein molecules via the same genetic code. This finding strongly supports the hypothesis that..........
Evidence from molecular biology supports the theory of evolution by demonstrating that...............
Lyell's principle of uniformitarianism..........
Herbivory
Carolus Linnaeus is considered to be the founder of .......... and he..........
Abiotically produced vesicles display which of the following rudimentary qualities necessary for life?
According to the theory of evolution anatomical and molecular homologies should ______________?
Researchers can use molecular homologies to ________________?
What is the correct order of the geologic eras, from most ancient to most recent?
The modern idea of extinction as a common occurrence in Earth's history was first proposed in the early 19th century writings of ________________?
Birds and mammals have a four-chambered heart, but most reptiles have a three-chambered heart. How does this fact affect the construction of phylogenic trees for these groups?