NCE

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( Idiographic, Nomothetic ) theories are concerned with individuals; ( nomothetic, idiographic ) approaches are concerned with large numbers of people.

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Of Piaget's stages, which one is the first?

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This indicates the percentage of individuals who answered a test item correctly.

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( Ipsative, Normative ) measures compare traits within the same individual, and do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument.

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A/An ( normative, ipsative ) interpretation is one in which the individual's score is evaluated by comparing it to others who took the same test.

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In constructing a test, experts nearly always consider this to be most important:

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A reliable test is always valid.

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A valid test is always reliable.

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Reliability coefficients are variance estimates, meaning that the coefficient denotes the amount of true score variance.

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Reliability coefficients in the ( 0.80s, 0.70s, 0.90s ) are desirable for screening tests.

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This individual believed that intelligence is primarily genetic and a "unitary" factor.

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What are the mean and standard deviation for the WAIS-IV?

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Interest inventories work best with individuals of high school age or above because:

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A ( low, high ) standard error of measurement (SEM) means high reliability.

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The SEM tells us the variance around a particular score for an individual.

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( Increasing, Decreasing ) a test's length raises reliability.

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How many stages encompass Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

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In Freudian theory, the id operates on the ( pleasure, reality ) principle, and the ego operates on the ( reality, pleasure ) principle.

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The superego, or ego ideal, attempts to balance the id and ego.

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According to Freud, a dream's surface meaning is referred to as the ( manifest, latent ) content, and a dream's hidden meaning is referred to as the ( latent, manifest ) content.

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The most important concept in Freud's theory is the unconscious mind.

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The ( conscious, preconscious, unconscious ) mind is aware of the immediate environment; the ( preconscious, conscious, unconscious ) mind can bring ideas, images, and thoughts into awareness with little difficulty; and the ( unconscious, conscious, preconscious ) contains material which is unknown or hidden from the client.

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In this type of thinking, things are conceptualized as good or bad, right or wrong:

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The correct order of Jean Piaget's developmental stages are as follows: ( sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations ), ( preoperations, sensorimotor, concrete operations, formal operations ), ( concrete operations, formal operations ), and ( formal operations, concrete operations ).

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This individual created the first intelligence test:

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means the capacity to change.

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Lev Vygotsky's theory of development emphasized the role that culture and social interaction guide cognitive development.

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Which of Yalom's therapeutic factors can be best described as occurring when group members learn how they come across to others and what others think of them?

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This can be described as the expression of both positive and negative feelings:

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You suggested that your client, Rob, join a group for young fathers. He reports to you that after attending a couple sessions, he feels a sense of belonging to the group and feels understood and accepted by the other members. Which of Yalom's therapeutic factors is being described?

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This type of test compares a person's test score to a predetermined standard or level of performance:

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Multiple-choice and true/false questions would appear on this type of test:

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Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

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Which measure of central tendency can be found by summing all the values in the group, then dividing that sum by the number of values in the group (indicated by the equation M = ΣX/N)?

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Approximately what percentage of scores is expected to fall between -1 and +1 standard deviations on the normal curve?

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An ( aptitude, achievement ) test is a test that predicts a person's capacity to perform some skill or task in the future; an ( achievement, aptitude ) test is a test that measures knowledge a person has acquired through instruction or training up to a certain point in his or her academic career.

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This type of scale simply classifies data into non-ordered, mutually exclusive categories; numbers stand for names or categories:

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A higher standard deviation indicates less variability in scores.

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This measure of variability is found by calculating the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution:

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This type of test tests for a significant difference between three or more groups:

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If you ( accept, reject ) the null hypothesis, you are taking the position that there is no significant difference between groups in an experiment.

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In which of Piaget's stages would a child master the concept of conservation?

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Kohlberg's theory of moral development has levels, with each broken down further into stages.

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"RS" in the counseling field is shorthand for:

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You are out mowing your lawn one Saturday afternoon when your neighbor, Evan, strikes up a conversation with you in which he says, "I know my daughter is only being good today because she knows she will get ice cream later." Given this information, you can surmise that his daughter is in what stage of moral development, according to Kohlberg?

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In Kohlberg's highest level of morality, postconventional morality, the individual is primarily concerned with conforming to the roles in society and living up to the expectations of society.

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In a research experiment, this variable has the potential to affect the dependent variable, but the researcher is aware of it beforehand:

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A p value of .05 means that there is a 95% chance that the null hypothesis is false. Another way of stating this is:

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Which measure of central tendency is defined as the exact midpoint of a distribution?

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Which measure of central tendency is defined as the most frequently occurring value?

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Which measure of central tendency would you want to use if you have extreme scores and do not want to distort the data?

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A z-score is the same thing as a standard score.

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Individual changes, task changes, and a limited sample are examples of:

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The average correlation among items within a test or scale is known as its internal ( consistency, validity ).

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Based on statistical properties of the normal curve, about what percentage of scores fall in the interval from 2 standard deviations below the mean to 2 standard deviations above the mean?

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( Validity, Reliability ) considers the degree to which test scores measure what the test claims to measure.

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This type of validity is derived from the obvious appearance of the measure itself and its test items:

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This statistic denotes the relationship between predictor and criterion measures:

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When a counselor is displaying ( congruence, genuineness, unconditional positive regard ), there is no conflict between their feelings and actions. There is a match between their internal state and external expression of that state.

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The skill in ( unconditional positive regard, genuineness, congruence ) is to maintain your attitude of valuing the client and expressing care and concern for them as a human being, even as they reveal undesirable behaviors.

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The state of being authentic or truthful is known as ( genuineness, congruence, unconditional positive regard ).

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This refers to the ability to deeply sense a client's worldview as if it were your own:

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This counseling skill involves acknowledging a client's positive behaviors, as well as helping them recognize their negative behaviors and develop alternative, more positive methods of feeling, thinking, and behaving:

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Culturally ( homogeneous, heterogeneous ) groups are ones that are similar on ethnic and cultural dimensions.

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The notion that group members benefit from helping one another is known as:

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This theorist, who thought it important to focus on clients' birth orders and sibling relationships, also believed that one's interpretations of childhood experiences matters more than the actual events:

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According to Adler, this is an imagined life goal that guides a person's behavior:

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According to existential theory, this type of anxiety is manifested as an appropriate response to an event, and can be used as a motivation to change:

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B. F. Skinner is associated with ( operant, classical ) conditioning.

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Wolpe's systematic desensitization is based on the principles of ( classical, operant ) conditioning.

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Which Holland code is the rarest?

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When a distribution is positively skewed, the tail is pointing to the:

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If a distribution is positively skewed, then one could assume that many scores are above average and it may have been an easy exam.

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In a positively skewed distribution, the tail points to the left.

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When a distribution is negatively skewed, the tail is pointing to the:

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If a distribution is negatively skewed, then one could assume that many scores are below the average and it may have been a difficult exam.

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In a negatively skewed distribution, the tail points to the right.

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With z-scores, positive/negative signs are not very important.

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What are the mean and standard deviation for t-scores?

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What are the mean and standard deviation for Deviation IQ?

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is the degree of peakedness in a distribution.

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Which type of kurtosis has an arrangement of values that follow a bell or normal curve?

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In this type of kurtosis, the majority of scores are clustered around a value at the midpoint, and a few extreme scores tapering off on either side:

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Which type of kurtosis has more scores at the extremes and fewer in the center?

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In this type of kurtosis, more scores are in the center of the distribution, with fewer at either extreme:

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The term 'assessment' can be used synonymously with 'appraisal.'

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This is a quantity of some construct or concept, such as anxiety or math skill:

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A ( psychological test, measure, behavioral observation ) is a standardized procedure for sampling behavior and describing it with categories or scores, then compared to norms.

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( Standardization, Assessment, Appraisal ) is the systematic collection and analysis of data.

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With objective tests, there is a very low likelihood of examiners independently agreeing on a client's score on a given sample of behavior.

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Screening and assessment are synonymous with one another.

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In testing, this occurs when items are not sufficiently difficult and cannot accurately measure high performers:

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Of the Wechsler tests, a counselor would likely administer this one to an individual of middle-school age:

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Of the Wechsler tests, a counselor would likely administer this one to an individual who is of "traditional" college-age:

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Of the Wechsler tests, a counselor would likely administer this one to a preschool-age child:

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What are the mean and standard deviation for subtests in the Wechsler intelligence tests?

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What are the mean and standard deviation for the Wechsler intelligence tests?

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You administered the WAIS-IV to your client, Ethan, and reported to him that he scored within -1 to +1 standard deviations from the mean. This would mean that his standardized score fell somewhere between:

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Which psychologist proposed the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence?

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( Fluid, Crystallized ) intelligence can be defined as the ability to reason and think flexibly, and is considered independent of education of experience; ( crystallized, fluid ) intelligence can be defined as the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired through life and are improved through learning.

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( Crystallized, Fluid ) intelligence increases as we age; ( fluid, crystallized ) intelligence drops off as we age.

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Fluid intelligence increases with age.

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A method of assessing the best performance of which an examinee is capable is known as a:

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A type of behavioral observation in which the counselor documents in narrative format what was observed is known as a/an:

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Pearson's r, regression, and ANOVA are examples of:

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Nonparametric statistics rely on the normal curve and the assumption of normality.

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The amount of variance that is accounted for in one variable by the other variable is known as the:

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A potential issue in doing data collection through observation of behavior, the counselor may unintentionally change the definition of the behavior and lose objectivity. This is known as:

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The ( central tendency error, central limit theorem, respondent error, standard error of measurement ) is the propensity to respond with moderate or centrist descriptions rather than using descriptions that lean toward the extremes of a rating scale.

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Which of Yalom's therapeutic factors is described as being related to themes such as responsibility, death, freedom, isolation, and purpose?

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In the context of group therapy, this occurs when group members realize that other members experience similar thoughts, feelings, and issues:

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The process through which group members are enabled to free themselves from old roles and test new behaviors is known as:

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When the group leader or other member(s) pass on beneficial information regarding the problem and/or solution to other members, this is known as:

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When group members feel more trustful of groups and learn how to relate to other members, ( interpersonal learning output, interpersonal learning input, identification, group cohesiveness ) has occurred.

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You referred your client, Jules, to a group for women struggling with postpartum depression. After a few group sessions, she says to you that she has observed improvement in others who have similar problems, and believe that she will also improve with the group's help. Which of Yalom's therapeutic factors is at work?

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This occurs when group members discover and accept previously unknown or unacceptable parts of themselves:

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Your client, Jules, reports to you that she has noticed herself modeling certain behaviors that she sees in other members. According to Yalom, this therapeutic factor has occurred:

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According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, most children operate at the ( preconventional, conventional ) level, and most adolescents operate at the ( conventional, post-conventional ) level.

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Which theorist put forth an Identity Status theory of social development, which categorizes four main points or stations along the continuum of identity development?

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Your adolescent client has struggled to make any real progress in deciding an occupation or ideology of her own. She seems to be "floating" through her life. According to Marcia's theory of identity status, she would be in this state:

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Another of your adolescent clients seems to have "blindly" accepted the ideology / value system of their family, without doing his own exploration to determine what's important to him. According to Marcia's theory of identity status, he would be in this state:

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One of your adolescent clients seems to have reached a state of clarity regarding her identity, and has committed to her own set of autonomously made values and goals. According to Marcia's theory of identity status, she would be in this state:

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Another of your adolescent clients has made little to no commitment to an ideology or occupation, but he is also experimenting with many different values, beliefs, and goals. According to Marcia's theory of identity status, he would be in this state:

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Regarding Marcia's theory, identity foreclosure is marked by a ( low, high ) level of exploration and a ( high, low ) level of commitment, whereas identity moratorium is marked by a ( high, low ) level of exploration and a ( low, high ) level of commitment.

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Regarding Marcia's theory, identity diffusion is marked by a ( low, high ) level of exploration and a ( low, high ) level of commitment, whereas identity achievement is marked by a ( high, low ) level of exploration and a ( high, low ) level of commitment.

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In an experimental research design, it is the ( independent, dependent ) variable that is being manipulated, and it is the ( dependent, independent ) variable that is being studied.

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Researchers wanted to study the effects of blood alcohol level on reaction time. In this experiment, blood alcohol level would be the ( independent, dependent ) variable, and reaction time would be the ( dependent, independent ) variable.

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Observational, case study, and survey methods are all examples of this type of research:

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Correlational research is synonymous with experimental research.

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Approximately what percentage of scores is expected to fall between -2 and +2 standard deviations on the normal curve?

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Approximately what percentage of scores is expected to fall between -1 and +1 standard deviations on the normal curve?

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Which type of test is interpreted by comparing a respondent's score to the performance of a standardization group?

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Which of the following best describes "standard deviation"?

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In the language of career counseling, this refers to the degree of relatedness within personality types or environmental models:

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In the language of career counseling, this refers to the degree of fit between personality types and environmental models:

Test sobre NCE, creado por Stephanie Walker el 05/12/2019.

Idiographic Nomothetic( Idiographic, Nomothetic ) theories are concerned with individuals; nomothetic idiographic( nomothetic, idiographic ) approaches are concerned with large numbers of people.

Of Piaget's stages, which one is the first?

This indicates the percentage of individuals who answered a test item correctly.

Ipsative Normative( Ipsative, Normative ) measures compare traits within the same individual, and do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument.

A/An normative ipsative( normative, ipsative ) interpretation is one in which the individual's score is evaluated by comparing it to others who took the same test.

In constructing a test, experts nearly always consider this to be most important:

A reliable test is always valid.

A valid test is always reliable.

Reliability coefficients are variance estimates, meaning that the coefficient denotes the amount of true score variance.

Reliability coefficients in the 0.80s 0.70s 0.90s( 0.80s, 0.70s, 0.90s ) are desirable for screening tests.

This individual believed that intelligence is primarily genetic and a "unitary" factor.

What are the mean and standard deviation for the WAIS-IV?

Interest inventories work best with individuals of high school age or above because:

A low high( low, high ) standard error of measurement (SEM) means high reliability.

The SEM tells us the variance around a particular score for an individual.

Increasing Decreasing( Increasing, Decreasing ) a test's length raises reliability.

How many stages encompass Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory of development?

In Freudian theory, the id operates on the pleasure reality( pleasure, reality ) principle, and the ego operates on the reality pleasure( reality, pleasure ) principle.

The superego, or ego ideal, attempts to balance the id and ego.

( Idiographic, Nomothetic ) theories are concerned with individuals; ( nomothetic, idiographic ) approaches are concerned with large numbers of people.

( Ipsative, Normative ) measures compare traits within the same individual, and do not compare a person to other persons who took the instrument.

A/An ( normative, ipsative ) interpretation is one in which the individual's score is evaluated by comparing it to others who took the same test.

Reliability coefficients in the ( 0.80s, 0.70s, 0.90s ) are desirable for screening tests.

A ( low, high ) standard error of measurement (SEM) means high reliability.

( Increasing, Decreasing ) a test's length raises reliability.

In Freudian theory, the id operates on the ( pleasure, reality ) principle, and the ego operates on the ( reality, pleasure ) principle.

According to Freud, a dream's surface meaning is referred to as the ( manifest, latent ) content, and a dream's hidden meaning is referred to as the ( latent, manifest ) content.

Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?