Science 9: Unit 3 - Environmental Chemistry

Topic 4.1 - Transportation of Chemicals Throughout the Environment

Stages to Chemical Movement:

Point Source: Chemical comes from one specific spot

Non-point Source: Chemical comes from a large area

Release: Where the chemicals originate Eg. Littering

Dispersion: Chemicals are spreading out Eg. Wind moving chemicals

Deposition: Where the chemicals end up Eg. Water, Air, or Soil

Transportation of Chemicals in the Air: Chemicals can get anywhere if they can move through the air

Factors:

- Wind speed

- Wind direction

- Mass of chemical

- Weather(rain or snow)

Transportation of Chemicals in Water: Chemicals can move long distances in surface water. Chemicals can increase in concentration in groundwater.

Factors:

- Movement of water

- Temperature of water

- The shape of the waterway(straighter = faster)

- Chemical mass and composition

- Amount of pores

Run-off: Excess water that flows over land surfaces, picking up chemicals as it goes

Transportation of Chemicals in Soil: Chemicals can increase in concentration as they move downwards

Factors:

- Amount of pores

- Composition of soil

- Chemical composition

Biomagnification: The increase in the concentration of a pollutant through the movement of the food chain

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