Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System

1

Which cells in the nervous system do most of the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information?

1

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the structure and function of all neurons in your central nervous system?

1

Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons?

1

What are three basic components of most neurons?

1

Which neuronal structures are analogous to branches on a tree?

1

On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends
neurochemical information to other neurons?

1

In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the
keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?

1

Emma has a disorder that includes degeneration of myelin sheaths in her nervous system. Which of the following disorders does Emma most likely have?

1

Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?

1

When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer.
In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?

1

When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or
else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal
equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?

1

Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

1

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?

1

What are the cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons?

1

What is the primary role of glial cells?

1

What would happen if you were to lose all of your glial cells?

1

Which of the following is a characteristic of both sodium and potassium ions?

1

What do we call the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information?

1

When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that
exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

1

Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of
Bradley’s motor neurons?

1

When the sodium channels of a neuron open, allowing sodium ions to flow inside, which of the following is most
likely to happen next?

1

What is an action potential?

1

Tracey became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly
reduced. What would we expect to occur if enough sodium was lost?

1

A neuron just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be
generated. What do we call this brief time increment, when another neural impulse cannot occur?

1

What is the term for the minimum length of time between action potentials?

1

Which of the following is known about action potentials?

1

What is the typical speed of an action potential?

1

Sara is holding Scott’s hand during a scary movie. Suddenly she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does
this, what will the nerves in Scott’s hand do?

1

Fiona puts her hands into a bucket of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a bucket of ice-cold water.
What should we predict about each of their action potentials?

1

Peggy smells a very strong odour; Harry smells an odour that is barely detectable. Based on what is known
about neural transmission, what should we predict about each of their action potentials?

1

What do we call the space between a terminal button and a dendrite?

1

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

1

What do synaptic vesicles do?

1

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released from a presynaptic neuron, but it does not fit into a suitable
receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron?

1

What is a good analogy for the way in which a neurotransmitter binds to receptor sites?

1

What type of electric potential increases the likelihood that the postsynaptic neuron will fire?

1

The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –75 millivolts. What caused the change?

1

The voltage at a receptor site has just changed from –70 millivolts to –67 millivolts. What will this lead to?

1

What do we call the process of absorption of neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron?

1

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps through which neurotransmitters progress during synaptic
transmission?

1

If a brain has several synapses that are not particularly active, those synapses may be eliminated. What is this process called?

1

At what age do humans tend to have the largest number of synapses?

1

According to the Hebbian Learning Rule, if an axon of Cell A is near enough to repeatedly stimulate Cell B (causing it to fire often), then what will happen to Cell B?

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily involved in the activation of motor neurons controlling skeletal muscles?

1

Jeremy is sitting quietly when the voluntary muscles in his left leg begin to twitch. Which neurotransmitter is likely being released?

1

When your text states that nicotine functions as an acetylcholine agonist, what does that mean?

1

What does an agonist do?

1

Curare blocks the action of acetylcholine by occupying its receptor sites. In this context, what is curare?

1

Dr. Jacoby has just discovered a new drug named Z2W that is an antagonist to acetylcholine. What are some likely side effects of this new drug?

1

Dr. Ferracane has just discovered a new drug named GL8 that produces side effects such as paralysis and memory loss. Based on this information, how might this drug act on the nervous system?

1

What seems to be a primary cause of Parkinson’s disease?

1

Garrett has a chronic disease that is slowly destroying the cells that produce serotonin in his brain. Which of the following will likely happen to Garrett as his disease progresses?

1

Which of the following disorders is associated with reduced activity at norepinephrine and serotonin receptors?

1

Julia is currently in the midst of a major depression. Which of the following patterns of neurotransmitter activity is most likely to be associated with her symptoms?

1

Stuart abuses a drug that is a dopamine agonist. Which of the following is Stuart most likely to experience when he is high?

1

Caitlin has taken a drug that has reduced the levels of GABA in her nervous system. What side effect is Caitlin likely to experience?

1

Dr. Athorp has just discovered a new drug named P3X that is an agonist for GABA. What effects will this drug likely have?

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters always has inhibitory effects?

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters has effects on learning and memory, and on long-term potentiation?

1

Opiate drugs bind onto the same receptor sites as the body’s own endorphins. What effect, then, do opiate
drugs have?

1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most similar to the drug heroin?

1

If you were making a new drug to treat pain, which type of neurotransmitter would you attempt to mimic?

Psychology Test sobre Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System, creado por Vincent Voltaire el 07/02/2020.

Chapter 3 - part 1: The Anatomy of the Nervous System

Which cells in the nervous system do most of the work of receiving, integrating, and transmitting information?

Which of the following is the most accurate description of the structure and function of all neurons in your central nervous system?

Which of the following is NOT one of the main functions of neurons?

What are three basic components of most neurons?

Which neuronal structures are analogous to branches on a tree?

On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends neurochemical information to other neurons?

In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?

Emma has a disorder that includes degeneration of myelin sheaths in her nervous system. Which of the following disorders does Emma most likely have?

Which of the following is associated with the fastest neural impulses?

When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer. In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?

When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?

Which part of the neuron secretes neurotransmitters?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures through which information flows in a neuron?

What are the cells that provide structural support and insulation for neurons?

What is the primary role of glial cells?

What would happen if you were to lose all of your glial cells?

Which of the following is a characteristic of both sodium and potassium ions?

What do we call the tiny electrical charge that exists when a neuron is neither receiving nor sending information?

When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of Bradley’s motor neurons?

On a typical neuron, which structure receives neurochemical information, and which structure sends
neurochemical information to other neurons?

In computers, the keyboard is the component of the computer that receives information. What would the
keyboard be equivalent to, in comparing a computer to a neuron?

When you want to print something from a computer, a cable carries this signal from the computer to the printer.
In comparing a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal equivalent to the cable?

When you are printing something from your computer, your cable must be securely connected to the printer or
else the signal won’t get through. If you compared a computer and printer to two neurons, what is the neuronal
equivalent of the connection between the cable and the printer?

When a neuron is neither receiving nor sending, what is the approximate voltage of the electrical charge that
exists between the inside and the outside of a neuron?

Bradley is deeply relaxed and many of his muscles are not moving at all. What does this suggest about many of
Bradley’s motor neurons?

When the sodium channels of a neuron open, allowing sodium ions to flow inside, which of the following is most
likely to happen next?

Tracey became dehydrated during a recent illness, and the levels of sodium in her body were significantly
reduced. What would we expect to occur if enough sodium was lost?

A neuron just sent a neural impulse. It will be one to two milliseconds before another neural impulse can be
generated. What do we call this brief time increment, when another neural impulse cannot occur?

Sara is holding Scott’s hand during a scary movie. Suddenly she squeezes his hand very hard. When she does
this, what will the nerves in Scott’s hand do?

Fiona puts her hands into a bucket of lukewarm water; Luke puts his hands into a bucket of ice-cold water.
What should we predict about each of their action potentials?

Peggy smells a very strong odour; Harry smells an odour that is barely detectable. Based on what is known
about neural transmission, what should we predict about each of their action potentials?

What happens when a neurotransmitter is released from a presynaptic neuron, but it does not fit into a suitable
receptor channel on the postsynaptic neuron?