What are basic building blocks of life?
molecules
atoms
Two or more atoms makes a _______ ?
compound
molecule
What maintains an internal chemical environment?
homeostasis
cell membrane
What is the smallest unit of matter involve in chemical reactions?
particles
Number of protons are also called ?
atomic mass
atomic number
Atoms are made of which subatomic particles?
protons
nucleus
valence shell
neutrons
electrons
What type of charge does a proton have and where is it located?
negative and electron shell
positive and in nucleus
What type of charge does a neutron have and where is it located?
no charge and in nucleus
negative charge and in nucleus
What type of charge does a electron have and where is it located?
negative and in electron shells
positive and in electron shells
If the whole atom is electrically neutral then ?
the number of neutrons equals the number of electrons
the number of protons equals the number of electrons
The atomic mass - protons =
The protons + neutrons =
The type of atoms with added or subtracted neutrons?
isotopes
isomers
What type of molecule with the same number and types of atoms but different arrangements?
Which atom can have the same atomic number but different atomic mass?
Atoms that have lost or gained electrons?
ions
Two or more atoms joined together?
A molecule that contains at least two atoms?
An atom with electronegativity that takes a valence electron from an atom of weak electronegativity?
ionic bonding
covalent bonding
Atoms of more similar electronegativity that shared 1-3 pairs of electrons?
Weak electrical attraction between a positive and negative part of two molecules or a molecule and ion?
hydrogen bonding
The basic solvent living things are based on?
Carbon
H20
The measurement of a high H+ concentration in a aqueous solutions?
pH
acid
A chemical that adds H+ concentration to a solution?
base
What pH takes away electrons?
The pH that takes away protons?
A high OH-added to a solution ?
How many covalent bonds can Carbon form?
4
3
1
5
What atom can form chemical rings, 3D shaped , molecules, and molecules of 1000 atoms?
Hydrogen
Sodium
What are composed of dry mass?
Organic molecules
What is an organic functional group?
attached only carbon atoms and molecules to a compound
combinations of atoms attached to an organic molecule
Which structure is the hydroxyl group?
R-OH
R-H-R
Which structure is the Carboxyl group?
R-C-R
R-C-OH
Which structure is the Aledhyde group?
R-CH
R-CH doubled bonded to O
Which structure is the Amine group?
R-PO
R-NH2
Which structure is the Ether?
R double bonded to O-R
Which structure is the ketone group?
R doubled bonded to C doubled bonded O-R
Which structure is the phosphate group?
R-PO4
R double bonded to O double bonded to PO
What are large molecules made from chains of repeating subunits?
polymers
ploynomers
What is a simple sugar made with CH2O?
monosacharride
dissacharride
What are polymers with 2 or simple sugars bonded together?
polysacharride
What complex carb has 3 or more simple sugars bonded together?
disacharride
Which biological macromolecule is the largest?
lipids
protein
Whats are proteins made of?
amino acids
Protiens are dissacharides of amino acids linked by ?
nucleictides
peptide bonds
Which is a peptide bond?
AA-O-NH-AA2-O
AA-O-NH2-A-O
What is the first level of a protein funtion?
the level that is coiled/ foiled
the level that forms a polypeptide
What is the second level of a protein structure?
polypeptide that is coiled/foiled
polypeptide that is coiled/foiled with a 3D shape
What is the third level of a protein structure?
the tertiary level that has a secondary coiled/foiled 3D structure
the level with 2 or more proteins
What is the fourth level of a protein structure?
tertiary level
the quaternary level with 2 or more proteins joined together
What does the structural protein function do?
facilitates
provides skeletal support for softer cells
What does enzymes do in a protein function?
facilities and speed up chemical reactions
carry molecules to proteins
What does transports do in protein function do?
carry proteins
some proteins carry other molecules
What does the membrane receptor protein function do?
receives signals inside of the cell and transport them outside
carry molecules in and outside o f cells
What does the membrane channel protein function do?
allow certain molecules to go in outside of cells
allows receptors to facilitate
What are lipids?
nucleic acids
oily fats that store long term energy saturated or unsaturated
What is the difference between unsaturated and saturated fats?
unsaturated fat have no carbon to carbon double bonds and an saturated fats have one or more c to c double bonds
saturated fats have no carbon to carbon double bonds and an unsaturated fat have one or more c to c double bonds
What are the basics building blocks of a cell membrane?
phospholipids
What are the bases for DNA?
A, T, C, G
A, U, C, G
What are the bases for RNA?
What does the DNA stores?
copies of RNA
all genetic information
What is a genes
a segment of DNA molecules that codes to make proteins
a sequence of RNA bases coding for proteins
What are genes made of?
RNA
codons
What are sequence of 3 base letters coding words of DNA?
bases
Each codon?
specifies an amino acid
specifies a codon
There are 20 amino acids and 64 codons
There are 34 mini acids and 43 codons.