The diploid cell that the sperm and egg make when fertilized is called the...
Zygote
Homologous chromosome
Meiosis
Oogenesis yields...
4 sperm cells
A zygote
1 egg cell and 3 small polar bodies
Spermatogenesis yields...
1 egg
3 polar bodies
4 similar-sized sperm cells
Meiosis is the...
Replication and division of somatic cells
Replication and division of chromosomes
Replication and division of sex cells
One sex cell (1 sperm of 1 egg) is...
Haploid
Diploid
What separates during meiosis I?
Sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes
Homozygous alleles
What separates during meiosis II?
Cells
What is synapsis?
The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes during meiosis
The division of the cytoplasm
Exchange of genetic material
What is "crossing over"?
The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes
The separation of dominant and recessive alleles
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes which results in recombinant chromosomes
During Metaphase I...
Homozygous alleles line up
Sister chromatids line up single-file
Homologous pairs line up in the middle
During Metaphase II...
Recessive alleles appear in the phenotype
What does meiosis ultimately yield?
Four sperm cells
2 diploid cells
4 haploid cells
What does dominant mean?
Inherited characteristics which appear in an organism
Inherited characteristics carried by an organism
A genetic disease
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the physical or visible characteristics; phenotype is the genetic makeup
Genotype is the sex cells; phenotype is the somatic cells
Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the visible or physical characteristics
What is an allele?
Another word for gametes (sex cells)
One homologous chromosome
An alternative form of a gene
What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?
Homozygous means that the alleles controlling a characteristic are the same; heterozygous means they are different
Homozygous means the alleles controlling a characteristic are different; heterozygous means they are the same
Homozygous means that the chromosomes are defective; heterozygous means they are normal
What is a Punnett Square?
A fun little square you draw when you're bored
A chart that shows different sex cells
A diagram showing all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two individuals
What is Mendel's Law of Dominance?
Mendel is the supreme ruler of everyone, especially geneticists
Gene pairs separate during meiosis and recombine randomly at fertilization
Dominant genes mask recessive genes in heterozygous conditions
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Jeans of different colors cannot be near each other in your closet
What is incomplete dominance?
When genes cannot agree on where to go out to dinner
Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant. Both alleles contribute to the phenotype
When the genotypes do not match the phenotypes
What is codominance?
Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant
Pattern of inheritance where both alleles are dominant
Genetic equality
What are multiple alleles?
When there are multiple alleles for a trait
Where is are at least 10 different alleles for one trait
When one allele is responsible for several different traits
Where are linked genes carried?
One different chromosomes
In different cells
On the same chromosome
Where are unlinked genes carried?
On the same chromosomes and inherited together
On different cells and not even interacting
On different chromosomes and show independent assortment
What is a sex-linked trait, and who discovered them?
A trait which always appears no matter what, discovered by Gregor Mendel
A recessive trait, discovered by Copernicus
Genes that are carried on sex chromosomes, discovered by Thomas H. Morgan
