Menopause

What is the official definition of the menopause?

What is the perimenopause?

What is premature ovarian failure?

What are some symptoms of the menopause? (6)

What are some pathophysiological observations seen in menopause? (4)

What factors contribute to the depletion of follicles? (3)

What factors contribute to the decrease in granulosa cell number and function? (4)

Why does the cycle initially shorten?

What causes the later delayed or absent ovulation?

Why might women experience heavier periods during the menopausal transition?

What causes the hot flushes?

Production of which hormone totally stops after the menopause and why?

What causes the decline in oocyte function and development?

What is it important to remember to give women >40 years old, even if they think they are going through the menopause?

What modifiable risk factor is known to bring on earlier menopause and why?

Which hormone decreases first during a woman's reproductive life?

What is the most common treatment for hot flushes?

What should also be given to women who still have a uterus and why?

If oestrogen in HRT is unopposed by progesterone, what can be the consequences?

What can happen if continuous oestrogen and progesterone are given?

In what ways can HRT be delivered?

What are 2 significant contraindications for giving HRT?

What can be given instead of HRT to relieve hot flushes?

What other health problems can be reduced by HRT?

What is a suggested benefit of HRT?

What is the downside to the protective effect of HRT on osteoporosis?

What other non-medical solutions are there to improving menopause symptoms?

If a woman bleeds again after 13 months of amenorrhoea, is this normal?