Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance

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which are forces that favour filtration?

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Which are forces that oppose filtration?

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Which are causes for edema

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Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infant’s

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Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

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A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L;
carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?

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Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid
(ECF) compartment is primarily a function of:

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In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma
and interstitial fluid spaces?

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Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

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As edema accumulates it gets trapped in...

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Sodium accounts for 90% of the ...... cations (positively charged ions)

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potassium is a major cation of ......

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what is the minimal daily requirement of sodium?

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what are the two major functions of Angiotensin 2?

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ANP and BNP increase sodium and water excretion by the kidneys this

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ADH __ the permeability of renal tubular cells to water which water reabsorption and promotes the restoration of plasma volume and blood pressure.

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The term isotonic refers to a solution that has the _______ concentration of solutes as plasma

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Isotonic fluid loss results in in....

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Excess isotonic fluids results in...

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Hypertonic fluid alterations occur when osmolality of the ECF is ______above normal. The most common causes are an increased concentration of ECF.....

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Hypernatremia occurs when serum sodium levels exceed_. And can be caused by a of water or _in sodium

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intracellular fluid contains a greater proportion of total body water than does extracellular fluid

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All the homeostatic mechanisms that monitor and adjust the composition of body fluids respond to changes in the ECF, not in the ICF

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no receptors directly monitor fluid or electrolyte balance

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diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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Osmosis is the movement of water between two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to solute. Moves form LOW solute to HIGH solute concentration and requires no energy

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What is osmotic pressure?

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Hydrostatic pressure is

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Oncotic pressure

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Causes of edema

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What is the pathophysiology of third spacing?

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Signs and symptoms of thirdspacing

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Why are infants more predisposed to serious, rapid fluid volume deficits?

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S/S of Hypervolemia:

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What is the reference range for Sodium in Adults?

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hypernatremia is caused by :

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How to treat Hypernatremia

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HYPOnatremia results form

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Potassium is

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what facilitates potassium into the cells:

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Calcium balance is controlled by

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A person with chronic heart failure has edema in the lower legs and sacral area. The nurse practitioner suspects this is due to a(n):

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Secretion of ADH and the perception of thirst are stimulated by

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The nurse monitors the fluid and electrolyte status of the older adult with the knowledge that impairment of the thirst mechanism may lead to

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Intravenous potassium chloride is ordered for treatment of a patient with hypokalemia. In administering the potassium solution, the nurse is aware that

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A patient who has required prolonged mechanical ventilation has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.48, PO2 85 mm Hg, PCO2 32 mm Hg, and HCO3 25 mEq/L. The nurse interprets these results as

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The electrolyte imbalance hypercalcemia exhibits which clinical manifestations?

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The electrolyte imbalance hypokalemia exhibits which clinical manifestations?

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A third of the body’s fluid is contained in the extracellular interstitial fluid spaces that include

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An imbalance of potassium can produce which dysfunctions?

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Which statements regarding total body water (TBW) are true?

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Sodium Regulates osmolality in the extracellular fluid (ECF) space.

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Chloride Is inversely related to HCO3 concentration.

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Potassium Is a major determinant of resting membrane potential.

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Phosphate An intracellular metabolic form is adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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Potassium Changes in hydrogen ion concentration affect this electrolyte

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At the arterial end of capillaries, fluid moves from the intravascular space into the interstitial space because the

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Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure?

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Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst are stimulated by a(n

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Thirst activates osmoreceptors by an increase in which blood plasma?

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It is true that natriuretic peptides:

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Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood volume is reduced?

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What mechanism can cause hypernatremia?

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What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in hypernatremia?

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Vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis, resulting in the loss of chloride, causes:

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The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism?

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Insulin is used to treat hyperkalemia because it:

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A major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for the transmission of nerve impulses is the ratio between

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During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in serum hydrogen ions by shifting hydrogen ions into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?

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Causes of hyperkalemia include:

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The calcium and phosphate balance is influenced by which three substances?

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It is true that Kussmaul respirations indicate:

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Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?

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An excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids can result in:

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The most common cause of hypermagnesemia is:

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Two thirds of the body’s water is found in its:

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Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure results in edema because of:

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The existence of hyperkalemia is likely to result in which changes to a person’s electrocardiogram (ECG)?

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Causes of hypocalcemia include:

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The electrolyte imbalance called hyponatremia exhibits which clinical manifestations?

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The electrolyte imbalance hypercalcemia exhibits which clinical manifestations?

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What is the effect of low plasma albumin?

Test sobre Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance, creado por asissons el 21/03/2015.

Fluid and Electrolyte imbalance

which are forces that favour filtration?

Which are forces that oppose filtration?

Which are causes for edema

Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infant’s

Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people because:

A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L; carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?

Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment is primarily a function of:

In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma and interstitial fluid spaces?

Venous obstruction is a cause of edema because of an increase in which pressure?

As edema accumulates it gets trapped in...

Sodium accounts for 90% of the ...... cations (positively charged ions)

potassium is a major cation of ......

what is the minimal daily requirement of sodium?

what are the two major functions of Angiotensin 2?

ANP and BNP increase sodium and water excretion by the kidneys this

ADH ________ the permeability of renal tubular cells to water which ______ water reabsorption and promotes the restoration of plasma volume and blood pressure.

The term isotonic refers to a solution that has the _______ concentration of solutes as plasma

Isotonic fluid loss results in in....

Excess isotonic fluids results in...

Hypertonic fluid alterations occur when osmolality of the ECF is ______above normal. The most common causes are an increased concentration of ECF.....

A patient’s blood gases reveal the following findings: pH, 7.3; bicarbonate (HCO3) 27 mEq/L;
carbon dioxide (CO2), 58 mm Hg. What is the interpretation of these gases?

Water movement between the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment and the extracellular fluid
(ECF) compartment is primarily a function of:

In addition to osmosis, what force is involved in the movement of water between the plasma
and interstitial fluid spaces?

ADH __ the permeability of renal tubular cells to water which water reabsorption and promotes the restoration of plasma volume and blood pressure.

Hypernatremia occurs when serum sodium levels exceed_. And can be caused by a of water or _in sodium