No subclinical infections is present in
Polio
Mumps
Chicken Pox
Hepatitis A
The typical form for polio
Inapparent
Abortive
Non-abortive
Paralytic
Which of the following is the most dangerous transmission of plague
Blocked Flea
Partial Flea
Both
Unblocked Flea
All of the following are transmitted by Aedes aegypti EXCEPT
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Chikungunya fever
Rift valley fever
Japanese encephalitis
Tetanus can be prevented by which of the following
Active immunization with tetanus toxoid every 5-10 years
Unproper treatment of contaminated wounds
Consider passive immunization with hyperimmune globulin
All of the following
Which of the following situations represents the best example of passive immunity
a child receiving a vaccination for measles
an infant receiving breast milk from the mother
production of antibodies by a person with infection
a person receiving antibodies for an infection
Hand hygiene is a vital part of Infection Control because
The most common mode of transmission is via germs on the hands
There is an increased number of infections acquired in health care
Anti microbial infections are increasing
All of the above
Vaccines are available for all of the following EXCEPT
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Tetanus
Measles
Rat flea is a vector for all of the following diseases except
Endemic typhus
Plagues
Leptospirosis
Epidemic Typhus
Koplik spots are pathognomic of
Diptheria
Typhoid
Basic cycle of Epidemic of Bubonic Plague (Orissa 2003)
Commensal rat - Rat fleas - Man
Wild rats - Flea - man
Wild rodents - Man
Man - Man
The highest efficiency of transmission of AIDS is seen in
Infected mother to child
Heterosexual transmission
Intravenous drug users
Contaminated drug abusers
Which dose of cell culture vaccine is used as pre-exposure prophylaxis of rabies
Single Dose
5 doses
7 doses
3 doses
An attenuated vaccine is composed of
killed microorganisms
living weakened microorganism
inactivated bacterial toxins
purified macromolecules
recombinant vectors
The term bacteriostatic means
living
dead
inhibits microbial growth and leaves residual film
kills microbes
Immunocompromised patients are targeted by
parasite
opportunistic microorganism
pathogen
flagellum
Causative organism for bubonic plague is
Yersinia pestis
Xenopsylla cheopis
Xenopsylla astia
rattus rattus
No subclinical cases are seen in
Rabies
AIDS
Cholera
The most effective concentration of alchohol is
30%
50%
70%
90%
A vaccine that contains parts of virus is called
Subcellular
Subunit
Recombinant
The process of destroying all microorganisms, including spores is known as
asepsis
sterilization
sepsis
The usual incubation period of Pertussis is
7-14 days
3-5 days
21 - 25 days
Isolation is not carried in one of the following
Plague
Chickenpox
Which of the following is true of Chicken pox
Virus is not found in scabs
Virus can be grown on chick embryo
Caused by RNA virus
Does not cross the placental barrier
Herd immunity is not important in
Pertussis
All
Maternal antibodies are not protective in
Infectivity of chickenpox is seen up to
As long as patient has fever
3 days after the appearance of rash
Till the scab falls
Risk of the damage of fetus by maternal rubella is maximum if mother gets infected in
6-12 weeks of pregnancy
20-24 weeks of pregnancy
24-28 weeks of pregnancy
Both active and passive vaccination can be given together in all EXCEPT
Immunisation against pertussis is carried out on
2 months
3 months
2 & 3 months
2, 3 & 4 months
Source of infection can be
a person
water
food
contaminated food
The vaccine against polio is
killed
anatoxin
live
recombinant
Water is a factor of transmission
fever
shigellosis
hepatitis b
ornithosis
In Greece dengue
has not been registered
is registered with over 25,000 diseased
only sporadic cases
is a topic of discussion
The salmonella bacteria are transmitted from the source of infection by
speech
blood
urine and feces
only through feces
Specific vectors of Q fevers are
body lice
human fleas
mosquitos
ticks
Smallpox (variolla) is an infection that is
eradicated
eliminated
reduced
soon to be eracticated
Source of infection of ECHO and Coxsackie virus infections are
only sick people
only sick animals
people sick or carriers
sick people and animals
The contacts of people suffering from varicella that are under 7 y.o. gets monitored for
5 days
10 days
14 days
21 days
Citizens arriving from countries infected with Cholera are observation
7 days
20 days
Vector of Dengue is
Pediculus vestiment
Aedes aegypti
Ixodes
Anopheles
Source of infection of Tularemia
Sick man
Sick animals
Man contaminants
Sick men and animals
Colienteritis are characterized by
summer season
autumn season
no seasonality
winter seasonal
It is recommended influenza immunization to be done
august
october
announcing the flu epidemic
all year round
Effective immunoprophylaxis against Japanese encephalitis is carried out with
killed vaccine
associated vaccine
live vaccine
no vaccine
The incubation period for Salmenolloisis most often is
from 10-20 days
5 to 10 days
from 1-3 days
1 month
In collective quarantine in case of Scarlet fever is
Tetanus classified
respiratory infection
roof infection
blood infection
intestinal infection
The least toxic insectoides are
carbamates
cholorganic
phosphorous organic
pyrethroids
Mechanism of transmission of cholera
air droplet
fecal oral
transmissive
roofing
Suffered from Typhus abdominalis are dispensaries for
6 months
10 months
1 year
Major source of contamination in Brucellosis are
rodents
domestic animals (sheep, cows, goats)
wild animal
people
Immunization against Rubella is carried out on
4 months
13 months
24 months
it is not obligatory and applies only desire regardless of age
The most common form of meningococcal infection is
meningococcal nasopharagitis
meningococcal tonsilitis
meningococcal meningitis
healthy meningococcal infection
Entrance door with Scarlet fever is
damage skin
visible mucous membranes
mucous membrane of URT
backpack formed by blood-sucking insects
Ticks are specific carriers of
Febris flava
Lyme Borieliosis
Dengue
For hygienic hand disinfection apply
Bleach
Chlorine
Perhydol
Manusterol
Objects from the external environment are factors of transmission in
blood borne way
contact bit way
water way
sexual way
The most wide spread of febris flava is in
Africa
Asia
Europe
Eurasia
Reservoir for Marseille fever is
The main factor for transmission of cholera is
air
soil
alimentary products
The object of the epidemiology of infectious diseases is
infectious process
epidemic process
source of infection
social factor
Source of infection for the infectious diseases may be
mosquito
flea
all the three above
The preparation for disinfection “Hibitan” is from the group
alcohols
biguanides
chlorine-containing
oxydizers
The leading factor(s) for distribution of nosocomial infections is (are)
hands of healthcare workers
mosquitoes
blood products
The re-immunization against measles in Bulgaria is on
7 years
11 years
12 years
17 years
The etiology agent of scarlet fever is
virus
rickettsia
chlamydia
bacteria
The source of infection for AIDS are
birds
monkeys
people and monkeys
What is the mechanism of transmission for salmonellosis
air-borne
fecal-oral
by insects
of the external envelopes
The dispensary surveillance for hepatitis A is
12 months
Source of infection for shigellosis are
animals
people and animals
The contacts of an ill with hepatitis A are under medical surveillance for
15 days
45 days
The re-immunization against tuberculosis in Bulgaria is on
5 years
15 years
20 years
The etiology agent of measles is
spirochete
The source of infection for meningococcal infection is
the ill man only
sick animals only
the man – as sick or carrier
The re-immunizations against poliomyelitis in Bulgaria are on
13 month, 24 month, 11 years
16 months and 6 years
24 months, 7 years, 11 years
24 months, 7 years, 12 years
The artificially acquired active immunity is created after
application of a vaccine
application of serum
suffering from some disease
transmitted from mother to baby
Secondary driving force of the epidemic process is
the etiology agent
the susceptibility of the population
the social factor
the mechanism of transmission
The epidemiology of the infectious diseases studies
viral hepatitis
hypertonia
ulcer
echinococcus
Chemical sterilization may be done with
chloramine
manusterol
ethylene oxyde
natrium hypochloridi
Port of entrance for poliomyelitis is (are)
only mucosa of nasopharynx
only intestinal mucosa
naso-pharyngeal and intestinal mucosa
intestinal mucosa and skin
The main route of transmission for S. dysenteriae is
person-to-person contact
water-borne
alimentary
blood-borne
Anthroponose infectious diseases are these with source of infection
fleas
The rats may be source of infection for
salmonellosis
cholera
cholera and salmonellosis
Risk group for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever are
seamen
alimentary workers
stockmen
building workers
The preparation for disinfection “perhydrol” (hydrogen peroxide 30%) is from the following chemical group
aldehydes
oxidizing agents
phenols
Spores of microorganisms are destroyed by
sterilium
glutaraldehyde
Source of infection for hepatitis B are
diseased animals
only diseased people
diseased people and carriers
animals and people
It is recommended the immunization against influenza to be done
2 times in the year
every year
1 time for five years
1 time for three years
The contact to rubella children, aged less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and who are not immunized, are under medical surveillance for
9 days
After wounding it is applied
0.5 ml tetanus toxoid
1 ml tetanus toxoid
0.1 ml tetanus toxoid
2 ml tetanus toxoid
Specific location of vibrio cholera is
mouth
mucosa of small intestine
stomach
mucosa of large intestine
Persons from risk groups, who are convalescent carriers of salmonellosis, are allowed to work after
7 days and 2 (-) results
15 days and 2 (-) results
15 days and 3 (-) results
20 days and 3 (-) results
Re-immunization against pertussis in Bulgaria is done on
10 month
13 month
6 years
With disinfection we do destruction of
pathogenic microorganisms
spores
vegetative forms and spores
non of the three
The definition for epidemic process is
process with source of infection a man
interaction between macro- and microorganisms on the level of the population
interaction between macro- and microorganisms on individual level
interaction between sick people and animals
The epidemic measures against the contact children to measles, less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and are not immunized, are
surveillance for 10 days
surveillance for 21 days
application of immune-globulin and surveillance for 10 days
application of immune-globulin and surveillance for 21 days
The air is main factor for infection transmission of
leptospirosis
rubella
The protective titer of antibodies against rubella (reaction inhibition d’hemagglutination) is
1:4
1:8
1:16
1:32
As nosocomial infection may arise
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Botulism
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
The vaccine against poliomyelitis, used in Bulgaria, is
inactivated
toxoid
Salmonella bacteria are excreted from the source of infection with
air sputters
feces and urine
only with feces
Which of the following regiments is the right for the dry sterilizer
120 °С - 2 h
190 °С - 30 min
160 °С - 2 h
150 °С - 1 h
The preparation “glutaraldehyde” is used for
sanitation of objects
sanitation of hands
only for disinfection
disinfection and sterilization
Viral hepatitis A is transmitted by the following mechanism
vector-borne
In autoclave can not be sterilized
metal instruments
cotton tampons
textiles
leather materials
The vaccine against diphtheria in Bulgaria is
The alimentary products are factor for transmission of
varicella
tetanus
The diseased with diphtheria are discharged after the following negative results from the microbiological test for carriage
1 (-) test
2 (-) tests
3 (-) tests
4 (-) tests
Human Influenza viruses are divided on the following serotypes
А and В
А, В and С
А, В, С and D
А, В, С, D and Е
the etiology agent of the disease
the natural factor
the source of infection
The preparation for disinfection “Hibiscrub” is used for
surgical disinfection of the hands
utensils
surfaces
instruments
In Bulgaria the vaccine against tuberculosis is
recommended
routine
there isn’t effective vaccine
forbidden for use
The source of infection for scarlet fever is
sick animals
sick people
animals – carriers
Poliomyelitis viruses are
one type
two types
three types
four types
AIDS is not transmitted by one of the following routes
sexual
vertical
The mechanism of transmission for varicella is
The epidemic measures against the contact with measles children, less than 7 years, who have not passed the disease and are not immunized, are as follows
surveillance for 7 days
surveillance for 17 days
immunization and surveillance for 17 days
immune-globulin and surveillance for 10 days
The usual concentration of chlorine is
3 % water solution
10 % water solution
1 % water solution
5 % water solution
The soil is a factor for transmission of
Rubella
Salmonellosis
The main route for infection transmission of Shigellosis Flexneri is
The route for infection transmission of hepatitis B is
parenteral
all the three are possible
When a carriage continues more than 6 months, it is named
acute
sub-acute
chronic
convalescent
The vaccine against scarlet fever is
there is not effective vaccine for the moment
The sources of infection for measles are
diseased people
people - carriers
all of the three mentioned
The sources of infection for enteroviral infections are
animals - carriers
people – diseased and carriers
The incubation period for cholera is
1 day
The vaccine against pertussis is
acellular
In the environment HIV-virus is
highly resistant
non resistant
medium resistant
resistant for 10 days
The dispensary surveillance for hepatitis B is for
2 years
The diseased with varicella are isolated for
to the scab of the rash
The water is a factor for transmission of
Q-fever
Foot-and-mouth disease
The convalescent carriers of salmonellosis from risk groups are under dispensary surveillance for
Which is the right regimen for autoclave
121 °С (1 atm) - 30 min
150 °С - 2 atm. - 20 min
145 °С - 2 atm. - 15 min
110 °С - 0.5 atm. - 30 min
The vaccine against influenza is
obligatory
not at all provided
The dental consulting room is a risk place for
Viral hepatitis B, C and HIV
Lyme disease
Tularemia
The surfaces are disinfected with
only rubbing
washing
rubbing and spraying
autoclave
Lints and cotton tampons are sterilized with
dry sterilizer
ultraviolet rays
hibitan
Risk group for influenza are
healthcare workers
workers with foods
hunters
The vaccine against tetanus is
live attenuated
The isolation of a patient with shigellosis from risk group continues to
one
two
three
four (-) results from the microbiological test
The vaccine against hepatitis B is
The port of entrée for mumps is
intestinal mucosa
wounded skin
respiratory mucosa
the place of tick bite
The natural factor is with the greatest importance for the following infections
intestinal
Life-long carriage may be observed after
hepatitis B
hepatitis А
Primary driving force of the epidemic process is
natural factor
migration of the population
The sources of infection for meningococcal infection are
domestic animals
Sources of infection for salmonellosis may be
infected people
infected fish
infected rodents
all of the three
The dental instruments are sterilized with
chlorine preparations
burning
preparations–oxidizers
The sources of infection for cholera are
Primary driving force(s) of the epidemic process is (are)
mechanism of infection transmission
all the three
Тhe mechanism of transmission of the infection takes place in
1 phase
2 phases
3 phases
4 phases
Аccording to the immunization calendar of Bulgaria, the hepatitis B vaccine is administered with
1 dose
2 doses
4 doses
Nosocomial infections occur in
patients in outpatient care
hospitalized patients
prophylactic examinations
The source of infection for cholera is (are)
contaminated water
all three
Diphtheria may be transmitted by the following mechanism
air-borne mechanism
Source of infection for measles may be
only ill people
people – ill and carriers
infected air
infected people and animals
The vertical transmission is not possible for
measles
Spermatogenesis can be impaired in
mumps
rubella and mumps
Which of the vaccines is not included in the immunization calendar of Bulgaria
against tuberculosis
against hepatitis B
against hepatitis A
against pertussis
Meningococcal infection is transmitted by
blood transfusion
vertical mechanism
Hepatitis E virus is with
1 genotype
2 genotypes
3 genotypes
4 genotypes
ECHO- and Coxsckie- viruses may be transmitted by
vertically
fecal-oral mechanism
air-borne and fecal-oral mechanism
Source of infection for HIV/AIDS may be
infected monkeys
infected bats