Shirley Zhu
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High School AP Biology Test sobre Molecular Genetics, creado por Shirley Zhu el 26/03/2015.

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Shirley Zhu
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Molecular Genetics

Pregunta 1 de 36

1

Which of the following scientists is responsible for figuring out that transformation is possible but the transforming factor is unknown?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Melson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 36

1

Which of the following scientists is responsible for culturing E. Coli in 15N and then 14N to show that DNA replication is semiconservative?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 36

1

Which of the following scientists found that nucleic acid, not protein is the genetic material of the T2 bacteriophage?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meleson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 36

1

Which of the following scientists discovered that when nucleases are added to the transformation reaction, transformation does not occur?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 36

1

Which of the following scientists figured out that the percent composition of G equals the percent composition of C in DNA?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avery

  • Chargaff

  • Griffith

  • Meselson and Stahl

  • Hershey and Chase

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 36

1

Which of the following is a double-stranded molecule that is passed from one generation to the next?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 36

1

Which of the following is a protein that synthesizes RNA?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 36

1

Which of the following contains codons?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 36

1

Which of the following contains anticodons?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 36

1

Which of the following is made of two subunits, each composed of protein and RNA

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polyermase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 36

1

Which of the following attaches to an amino acid on its 3' end?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • mRNA

  • DNA

  • tRNA

  • RNA polymerase

  • ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 36

1

What is another word for each newly synthesized DNA molecule contains a template strand and a new strand?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 36

1

Which of the following is a part of translation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 36

1

Which of the following is a part of transcription?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 36

1

Which of the following is a replication and proofreading enzyme?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 36

1

Which of the following is most active during S phase of interphase?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 36

1

What is the name of the fact that the 5' end of one strand is hydrogen-bonded to the 3' end of the complimentary strand?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA polymerase

  • RNA polymerase

  • Semiconservative replication

  • Antiparallel

  • Ribosome

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 36

1

Which of the following typically occurs only before cell division?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 36

1

What is the name of the process in which polypeptides are assembled at ribosomes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 36

1

What is the process by which a strand of DNA is made complimentary to an RNA molecule?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 36

1

Which of the following involves splicing out introns?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 36

1

Which of the following processes begins at the origin of replication?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Trancription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 36

1

In which of the processes is a 5' cap and a poly-A tail added to an RNA molecule?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA synthesis

  • Transcription

  • Translation

  • Reverse transcription

  • Posttranscriptional processing

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 36

1

All of the following are mechanisms by which bacteria acquire genetic diversity EXCEPT

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Mutation

  • Binary fission

  • Transformation

  • Transduction

  • Conjugation

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 36

1

If a known single-base substitution in a gene produces a nonfunctional enzyme, how can a scientist test for the presence of this mutation?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Restriction enzymes can be used to test for gene mutations that introduce or eliminate restriction enzyme cleavage sites.

  • A test of enzyme activity can be performed on purified enzyme.

  • An electron microscope can be used to study the structure of the gene or of the protein.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 36

1

DNA analysis of adult and developing frogs reveals that the same genes are present in all the cells of the frog throughout its development. However, certain proteins found in developing frogs are absent from adult frogs. Which of the following best explains this observation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Developmental genes are not expressed in adults.

  • No genes expressed in adults are expressed in developing organisms.

  • Proteins are not modified as an organism develops

  • Proteins are greatly modified as an organism develops

  • Most genes in cells are never expressed.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 36

1

All of the following are true regarding gene expression EXCEPT

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All DNA-containing cells in a particular organism have basically the same genes.

  • Different cell types contain different proteins.

  • A particular cell makes the exact-same proteins for its entire lifespan.

  • Promoters are regions of DNA that help regulate gene expression.

  • In eukaryotes, each gene has its own promoter.

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 36

1

A nucleus was removed from a fibroblast cell of an adult mouse (mouse 1). The nucleus was then inserted into an egg cell from which the nucleus was removed (the egg cell was from a different mouse, 2). The resulting diploid cell began to divide, and the young embryo was implanted into the uterus of a third mouse and allowed to develop. The third mouse eventually gave birth to a healthy mouse (mouse 4). Which of the following correctly identifies the procedures described above?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA sequencing

  • Nuclear transplantation (cloning)

  • Embryology

  • Sexual reproduction

  • Nuclear fission

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 36

1

Referring to question 28, the phenotype of the young mouse (mouse 4) is expected to be

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • practically identical to the adult mouse from which the nucleus was taken (mouse 1).

  • practically identical to the mouse who donated the egg (mouse 2).

  • similar to the mouse who donated the egg (mouse 2).

  • a combination of the nuclear and egg donor mice (mice 1 and 2).

  • the same as the mouse in which it developed (mouse 3).

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 36

1

A cloned animal may exhibit traits that are not present in the animal from which it was cloned (the nucleus donor). Which of the following best explains this observation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The egg donor, not the nucleus donor, determines the phenotype of the clone.

  • Usually, but not always, the nucleus donor determines the phenotype of the offspring.

  • The egg into which the nucleus was transferred contained extra-nuclear genes.

  • The cloned animal only expresses the genes of the egg donor.

  • The genes of the nucleus donor were not properly expressed in the offspring.

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 36

1

DNA from a specific organism is determined to contain 20 percent cytosine. Which of the following can be concluded about the DNA of this organism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It contains 30 percent G.

  • It contains 80 percent G.

  • It contains 40 percent A and 40 percent T.

  • It contains 20 percent T and 20 percent A

  • It contains 30 percent T and 30 percent A

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 36

1

A yeast cell can be used to express and animal gene. Which of the following best explains why this is possible?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yeast and animals have mostly the same genes.

  • Yeast and animals are both eukaryotes.

  • The genetic code is universal.

  • DNA replication is similar in yeast and animals.

  • Yeast and animals share a recent common ancestor.

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 36

1

Which of the following statements correctly describes mutations?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They are harmful to the organism but good for the species.

  • They are irreversible.

  • They are only useful when they occur in germ cells.

  • They are a source of variation.

  • They drive evolution by creating selective pressures.

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 36

1

Which of the following statements is true concerning genes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Genes exist in alternate forms called introns and extrons.

  • A gene can code for a polypeptide.

  • Genes can cross over during mitosis.

  • Recessive alleles are never expressed.

  • Genes make up the majority of nucleotide sequences in the human genome.

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 36

1

All of the following statements regarding nucleic acids are true EXCEPT

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Nucleotides consist of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate.

  • Nucleic acids are only synthesized from the 5' --> 3' direction.

  • The nitrogenous bases of both DNA and RNA include adenine and guanine.

  • RNA does not contain uracil.

  • Complementary base pairs of the same (in single-stranded) or different (in double-stranded) nucleic acid strands can hydrogen-bond to each other.

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 36

1

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA replication begins at the promoter.

  • The leading strand of DNA synthesis contains Okazaki fragments.

  • Hydrogen bonds must be broken in order to replicate DNA.

  • Bacteria have more DNA than eukaryotes, and so they take longer to replicate their DNA.

  • DNA ligase is necessary to build primers on lagging strands during replication.

Explicación

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