C192 Transaction Management

All transaction properties must display ____

A ____ lock prevents the use of any tables in the database from one transaction while another transaction is being processed

A ____ lock locks the entire table preventing access to any row by a transaction while another transaction is using the table.

A ____ lock locks the entire diskpage.

A ____ lock allows concurrent transactions to access different rows of the same table.

A(n) ____ lock has only two stages (0 & 1).

A(n) ____ specifically reserves access to the transaction that locked the object.

A(n) ____ lock exists when concurrent transactions are granted read access on the basis of a common lock.

A(n) ____ lock defines how transactions acquire and relinquish locks.

A(n) ____ condition occurs when two transactions wait for each other to unlock data.

Which of the following rules applies to the two-phase locking protocol?

____ control is the management of concurrent transaction execution.

The most common algorithms for concurrency control are locks, ____ stamping, and optimistic methods.

____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.

____ means that data used during the execution of a transaction cannot be used by a second transaction until the first one is completed.

When you read from and/or write to a database, you have created a(n) ____.

A transaction is a ____ unit of work that must be either entirely completed or aborted.

The ANSI has defined standards that govern SQL database transactions. Transaction support is provided by two SQL statements: ____ and ROLLBACK.

The ____ establishes the order in which the operations within concurrent transactions are executed.

The ____ manager is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by the transactions.

Lock ____ indicates the level of lock use.

During the ____ phase, the transaction scans the database, executes the needed computations, and makes the updates to a private copy of the database values.

During the ____ phase, the changes are permanently applied to the database.

During the ____ phase, the changes are permanently applied to the database.

A(n) ____ backup of the data is when only the last modifications done to the database are copied.

A transaction that changes the contents of the database must alter the database from one ____ state to another.

When is the implicit beginning of a transaction?

A(n) ____ phase in a two-phase lock is when a transaction releases all locks and cannot obtain any new lock.

The ____ approach is based on the assumption that the majority of the database operations do not conflict.

A diskpage, or page, is the equivalent of a ____.

The ____ is responsible for assigning and policing the locks used by the transactions.

What is a consistent database?

A transaction acquires a ____ prior to data access.

Changes are permanently applied to the database during the ____ phase of a transaction.

The ____ approach to scheduling concurrent transactions assigns a global unique stamp to each transaction.

All transactions are controlled and executed by the ____ to guarantee database integrity.

You can define ____ to help the DBMS ensure that the database remains in a consistent state.

By its nature, a single-user database system automatically ensures ____ of the database, because only one transaction is executed at a time.

The information stored in the ____ is used by the DBMS for a recovery requirement triggered by a ROLLBACK statement, a program’s abnormal termination, or a system failure such as a network discrepancy or a disk crash.

Which of the following is NOT stored in the transaction log?

What is one of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems?

The phenomenon of ____ occurs when two transactions, T1 and T2, are executed concurrently and the first transaction (T1) is rolled back after the second transaction (T2) has already accessed the uncommitted data—thus violating the isolation property of transactions.

____ occur when a transaction calculates some summary (aggregate) functions over a set of data while other transactions are updating the data.

As long as two transactions, T1 and T2, access ____ data, there is no conflict, and the order of execution is irrelevant to the final outcome.

The scheduler facilitates data ____ to ensure that two transactions do not update the same data element at the same time.

What is the most restrictive lock granularity?

Which lock granularity has the highest overhead?

A ____ lock has only two states.