Cerrar
A spinal segment is defined by: .................
The trunk of a spinal nerve is formed in:............
The spinal cord white matter is organised around the gray matter in three colunms called: A. B. C.
The spinal cord has the following number of segments:
Cervical.
Thoracic.
Lumbar.
Sacral.
Coccygeal.
The border between spinal cord and medulla oblongata is defined by the following structures:
A.
B.
C.
In adults the spinal cord ends caudally at the level of ............................... vertebra.
List three elements at the caudal end of the spinal cord:
A.
B.
C.
In spinal cord anesthesia through the sacral hiatus the anesthetic is introduced into .....................
Pain and temperature sensation is conveyed via ..........................
Spinal cord enlargements are found in the ................. and ............... regions.
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related?
A. Intervertebral foramen
B. Spinal ganglion
C. Brachial plexus
D. Spinal cord
1. Dorsal root of spinal nerve
2. Trunk of spinal nerve
3. Conus medullaris
4. Cervical intumescentia
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related?
A. Ventral median fissue
B. Epidural space
C. Cerebrospinal fluid
D. Terminal cistern
1. Spinal dura mater
2. Subarachnoid space
3. Anterior spinal artery
To which of the A to C structures are 1 to 3 most closely related?
A. Posterior funiculus of spinal cord
B. Lateral funiculus of spinal cord
C. Anterior funiculus of spinal cord
1. Spinal dura mater
2. Subarachnoid space
3. Anterior spinal artery
To which of the A to D structures are 1 to 4 most closely related?
A. Grey commissure
B. Lateral colunm
C. Ventral median fissue
D. Ventrolateral sulcus
1.Spinal pia mater
2. Ventral root of spinal nerve
3. Visceromotor neurons
4. Canalis centralis
The border between medulla oblongata and pons on the ventral surface of brain is:...............................................................
The pons connects with the cerebellum via:.................
The cranial nerves appearing in sulcus bulbopontinus are:
A.
B.
C.
The cranial nerves nuclei located in the tegmentum of pons include:
A.
B.
C.
D.
The midbrain includes the following parts:
A.
B.
C.
In sulcus medialis cruris cerebri appear the roots of .......................................... nerve.
The ............................ has the main centers for breathing reflexes.
The connection between the third and fourth ventricle is called the .......................
Phylogenically new part of the midbrain is ..........................................................
The nucleus of the caudal colliculus is a relay station in the ........................................ pathway.
To which of 1 to 6 cranial nerve nuclei the A to C are most closely related?
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Pons
C. Midbrain
1.Nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
2.Nucleus facialis
3.Nucleus oculomotorius
4.Nucleus olivaris inferior
5.Nucleus ruber
6.Nucleus salivatorius caudalis
To which of the A to D brain stem tracts 1 to 4 functions are most closely related?
A.Colliculus caudalis
B.Colliculus rostralis
C.Nucleus olivaris inferior
D.Nucleus ceruleus
1.Voluntary movement control
2.Hearing reflex
3.Visual reflex
4.Stress reaction
To which of the A to C brain stem tracts 1 to 3 functions are most closely related?
A.Pyramid tract
B.Vestibulospinal tract
C.Medial lemniscus
1.Voluntary movement control
2.Balance control
3.Proprioception
To which of A to D 1 to 4 are most closely related?
A.Pyramid Decussation
B.Trapezoid Body
C.Ventral Tegmental Decussation (forel)
D.Dorsal Tegmental Decussastion (meynert)
1.Medulla Oblongata
2.Pons
3.Tectum
4.Nucleus Ruber
To which of 1 to 4 regions A to D functions are most closely related?
A.Cardiovascular Center
B.Proprioception
C.Gustatory system
D.Pain control
1.Raphe nuclei
2.Medulla oblongata
3.Nucleus Solitarius
4.Nucleus gracilis & Cuneatus
To which of 1 to 3 regions A to D functions are most closely related?
A.Controls visual reflexes
B.Has nerve tracts that connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum
C.Controls blood pressure
D.Controls coughing and sneezing reflexes
1.Midbrain
2.Medulla Oblongata
3.Pons
To which of A to D structures 1 to 3 regions are most closely related?
A.Pyramids
B.Cerebral Peduncle
C.Corpora Quadrigemina
D.Middle Cerebellar Peduncle
1.Midbrain
2.Medulla Oblongata
3.Pons
The afferent cerebellar pathway passing through the superior cerebellar peduncles is.........................
The pathway passing through the middle cerebellar peduncles is ..........................
The pathways for proprioception from the body to the cerebellum include:
A.
B.
C.
The glial cells in the cerebellum are presented by:
A.
B.
The purkinje cells receive excitatory impulses from:
A.
B.
The archicerebellum includes the following cerebellar lobules:
A.
B.
C.
Phylogenically the oldest part of the cerebellum is called ............................
The trunco-cerebellar feedback circuit includes the following pathways:
A.
B.
C.
The pathways forming the vestibulo-cerebellar feedback circuit are:
A.
B.
To which of the A to E neurons are the transmitters 1 to 2 most closely related?
A.Basket Cells
B.Stellate cells
C.Purkinje Cells
D.Granule Cells
E.Golgi Cells
1.Gama-amino butyric acid
2.Glutamate
To which of the A to C cerebellar peduncles are the pathways 1 to 4 most closely related?
A.Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
B.Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
C.Pedunculus cerebellaris inferior
1.Tractus pontocerebellaris
2.Tractus Spinocerebellaris Ventralis
3.Tractus Spinocerebellaris Dorsalis
4.Tractus Cerebellorubralis
To which of A to D vermis lobules 1 to 4 lobules of the hemispheres are related?
A.Declive
B.Uvula
C.Pyramis
D.Folium
1.Lobulus biventer
2.Lobulus semilunaris superior
3.Tonsilla
4.Lobulus simplex
Match the A to E cells with 1 to 2 layers of cerebellar cortex?
A.Basket Cells
B.Stellate cells
C.Purkinje cells
D.Granule cells
E.Golgi Cells
1.Molecular layer
2.Ganglionic layer
3.Granular cells layer
Match the A to C phylogencially distinct parts with the 1 to 4 lobules of cerebellum?
A.Archicerebellum
B.Paleocerebellum
C.Neocerebellum
1.Ala lobuli centralis
2.Lobulus biventer
3.Lingula
4.Flocculus
Match the A to C phylogenically distinct parts with the 1 to 3 functions?
A.Archicerebellum
B.Paleocerebellum
C.Neocerebellum
1.Tone of skeletal muscles
2.Balance
3.Coordination of movements
The nuclei of the hypothalamus connected to the neurohypophysis are:
A.
B.
The metathalamus is presented by:
A.
B.
The nuclei of the middle (tuberal) part of the hypothalamus are:
A.
B.
C.
Neurosecretory nuclei in the anterior part of the medial hypothalamus are:
A.
B.
The somatosensory relay nuclei of the thalamus are:
A.
B.
The epithalamus is located on the ...................... aspect of the diencephalon.
Thalamic nuclei concerned with somatomotor control are:
A.
B.
Thalamic nucleus intergrated into the limbic system is................
The hypothalamic nucleus associated with circadian rhythm control is ..........................
The hormones produced by the pineal gland are ................ and .................
Match each pathway with the appropriate nucleus to which it gives input.
A Anterior nucleus
B.Ventral lateral nucleus
C.Medial geniculate (nucleus) body
D.Ventral posteromedial (VPM) nucleus
E.Ventral Posteroinferior (VPI) nucleus
1.Brachium of the inferior colliculus
2.Thalamic fasciculus (H1)
3.Mamillothalamic tract
4.Dentatothalamic tract
5.Gustatory (taste) pathway
Match each of the following descriptions with the appropriate thalamic nucleus:
A.Anterior Nucleus
B.Centromedian nucleus
C.Lateral geniculate nucleus
D.Mediodorsal nucleus
E.Pulvinar
F.Ventral anterior nucleus
G.Ventral lateral nucleus
H.Ventral Posterolateral (VPL) Nucleus
I.Ventral Posteromedial (VPM) Nucleus
1.Receives input from the ipsilateral central tegmental tract
2.Has reciprocal connections with the inferior parietal lobule
3.Receives input from the contralateral lateral spinothalamic tract.
4.Projects to the putamen
5.Receives the dentatothalamic tract
6.Plays a role in the expression of affect, emotion and behaviour (limbic function)
Match each hormone/pathway with the appropriate nucleus.
A.Nucleus paraventicularis
B.Corpus geniculatum laterale
C.Epithalamus
D.Corpus geniculatum mediale
E.Nucleus supraopticus
1.Radiatio acustica
2.Vasopresin
3.Oxitocin
4.Corpus Pineale
5.Radiation Optica
Match each of the structures from the two columns.
A.Lamina affixa
B.Corpus geniculatum mediale
C.Stria terminalis thalami
D.Corpus mamillare
E.Nuclei habenulares
1.Vena thalamostriata
2.Limbic system
3.Metathalamus
4.Tenia Thalami
5.Fasciculus retroflexus
Corpus striatum comprises:
A.
B.
Basal ganglia indicated as neostriatum are:
A.
B.
Cortical circuit in a columnar unit includes the following neurons:
A.
B.
C.
Isocortex is subdivided into two major variants:
A.
B.
Limbic cortex is for the most part, phylogenically old cortex denoted as ............ to which are associated parts from ..............
The anatomical substrate of the limbic system is represented by:
A.
B.
C.
Heterotypical isocortex comprises:
A.
B.
Fibers, which cross the midline connecting corresponding areas of the two hemispheres are .................
The buried cerebral cortex under the lips of the lateral sulcus is ................
Match the structures from A to F with the structures from 1 to 6:
A.Hippocampus
B.Cortex cerebri
C.Corpus callosum
D.Fasciculus uncinatus
E.Sulcus calcarinus
F.Trigonum habenulae
1.Stria medullaris thalami
2.Association fibres
3.Fornix
4.Postcentral gyrus
5.Commissural fibres
6.Radiation optica
Match the structures from A to E with structures from 1 to 5.
A.Internal capsule
B.Corpus callosum
C.Basal ganglion
D.csf
E.Postcentral gyrus
1.Rostrum
2.Choroid plexus
3.Anterior limb.
4.Primary sensory cortex
5.Claustrum
Match the structures from A to F with the structures from 1 to 6.
A.Hippocampal sulcus
B.Parahippocampal gyrus
C.Calcar avis
D.Corpus callosum
E.Cingulum
F.Internal capsule
1.Commissural fibers
2.Hippocampus
3.Association fibers
4.Calcarine fissure (sulcus)
5.Uncus
6.Projection fibers
Match the structures from A to E with the structures from 1 to 5.
A.Trunk
B.Crus
C.Head
D.Posterior limb
E.Putamen
1.Fornix
2.Lentiform (lenticular) nucleus
3.Corpus callosum
4.Caudate nucleus
5.Internal capsule
Match the structures from A to C with the structures from 1 to 3.
A.commissural fibers
B.Association fibers
C.Projection fibers
1.Internal capsule
2.Corpus callosum
3.Uncinate fasciculus
Match the structures from A to C with structures from 1 to 3.
A.Association cortex
B.Visual cortex
C.Primary motor cortex
1.Isocortex
2.Granular heterocortex
3.Agranular heterocortex
Connect each description with its corresponding structure.
A. Stria terminalis
B.Stria Medullaris
C.Medial forebrain bundle
D.Fasciculus Retroflexus
E. Diagonal band of broca
1.Connects area septalis with nucleus habenulae
2. Forms the medial border of the substantia perforata anterior.
3.Lies between the thalamus and nucleus caudatus
4.Projects from epithalamus to the midbrain tegmentum
5.Is the major efferent pathway from corpus amygdaloideum.
