psy test

what increases behavior by presenting positive reinforces? strengthens the response

positive reinforcement?

what increase behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli?

what is learned response to a previous neutral stimulus?

what originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.

what is an unlearned naturally occurring response?

What stimulus is that automatically triggers a response to a previous neutral stimulus?

what is the view that PSY should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes?

when one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events?

When classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning?

we typically learn to repeat acts that bring rewards and to avoid acts that bring unwanted results?

we learned to expect and prepare for significant events such as food or pain?

When we learn new behaviors by observing events and by watching others?

when any event or situation that evokes a response?

What study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis?

when capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with changing circumstances?

body movement vestibular sense receptors?

controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy clairvoyance and precognition?

what is body movement vistibular sense?

vision receptors?

what is body position kinesthesis receptors?

what principle that one sense may influence another?

what psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments?

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts?

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance?

spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain?

what links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated?

rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch?

device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrode threaded into the cochlea?

when hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea?

when hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves?

a coiled bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sounds waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve pulses?

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones?

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time?

innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs?

an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent light blink on and off in quick succession?

in vision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even innerted visual field?

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths of reflected by the object?

depth cues, such as retina disparity that depends on the use of two eyes?

depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone?

a binocular cue for perceiving depth, by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes the brain computes distance?

ability to see objects in 3 dimensions?

laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals?

the organization of the visual field into objects that should out from their surroundings?

theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-one most sensitive to red, on to green, one to blue which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color?

organized whole, meaningful whole?

opposing retinal process enable color vision?

the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of info processing fro many functions including vision?

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape angle or movement?

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there?

retinal receptors that detect black white and gray needed for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond?

the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina?

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions?

when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus?

a procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second often weaker conditioned stimulus?

initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response?

reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response?

tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response?

ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus?

thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and viceversa?

learning behavior which ceases if punished or continuous if rewarded?

chamber also know as skinner box, containing a bar or key an animal can control to obtain food or water?

the activation, often unconsciousness of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception memory, or response?

faint stimulus detected, no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation and alertness?

the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time? we experience the threshold as a just noticeable difference?

principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage?

diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?

the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth?

distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short slips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission.

the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness of loudness as determined by waves amplitute?

ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening?

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain?

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster?

an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need?

transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina?

the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus lays of neurons that begin the processing of visual information?

momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds?

stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer?

a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced?

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of response?

reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs?

reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement?

retention independent of conscious recollection?

memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare?

a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and information retrieved from long term memory?

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses?

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?

a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals?

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences?

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it?

desired to perform a behavior to receive promised reward or avoid threatened punishment?

a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second?

positive constructive helpful behavior? opposite of antisocial behavior.

process of getting information out of memory storage?

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in -the blank test?

tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study for practice?

process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?

encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words?

encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words?

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage?

conscious memory of first 3 years is blank?

our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list?

the activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory?

previous experience and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses. Explains visual illusions

sensory receptors relay information to the brain, brain interprets this information

incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event?

disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?

the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information?

psychoanalysis theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feeling and memories?

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information?

an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation?

sensory and nervous system receiving and representing stimulus energies from our environment?

operant conditioning basic idea and response?

classical conditioning basic idea and response?

attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read or imagined?

process of observing and imitating a specific behavior?

frontal lobes neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so?

the processing of information into the memory system?

the retention of encoded information over time?

organizing items into manageable units?

memory aids, use vivid imagery and organizational devices?

a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event?

california sea slug with a mere 20,000 nerve cells?

an inability to form new memories?

an inability to retrieve information from ones past?

conversion of one form of energy into another?

study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli?

minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?

below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness? less than 50%

can all 5 tastes be sensed all over tongue?

what are the tongue maps?

number of human taste buds?

number os taste buds receptor cells?

what is the ratio?

what is the interval?

a mental representation of the layout of ones enviornment?

a desired to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake?

transmit longer lasting, duller pain?

fast acting transmit sharp pain?

pain receptors?