Nerve cells

Excitable cells that communicate via neurotransmitters; found in the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and secretory structures

"cell body," "Perikaryon;" contain nucleus, cytoplasm, and nissl substance

spheroidal shape; centrally placed; size is directly proportional to size of the neuron.

Sex chromatin that may be found in the vicinity of the nucleolus or nuclear membrane

Why is the neuron's cytoplasm rich in nissl substance?

Composed of axon and dendrites

starts at the axon hillock and ends at terminal bouton

The axon terminal of a_ _is usually in contact with the dendrite of a _ _.

The extent of branching of the dendrite is described as...

What are the 5 categories of neurons?

sensory neurons that from the body wall entering the spinal cord through the dorsal root

Sensory neurons generally found in sense organs such as olfactory epithelium, retina,
and cochlear

"Typical" textbook neuron; mostly motor neurons in the ventral horn of the spinal cord or cortex of the brain

Most sensory neurons are_?

a large cell body requires _ excitatory input to become "excited"

Presynaptic terminals (AKA telodendrons) is usually based on the type of _ that has been detected in the neuron or parts of the brain where they are localized

_ _ contains cell bodies and _ _ contains mylenated axons

Also called the post- synaptic density because it is rich in structural proteins, cytoskeleton, receptors, ion channels, junctional complexes, and enzymes; significant amount on mitochondria present at post-synaptic site.

what are the 4 types of synapses?

chemical junction between a nerve terminal and a muscle spindle

The neurotransmitter acting across the NMJ is...?

Support neurons structurally and metabolically; processes terminate in expansions called end feet

How do astrocytes represent a source of reserve energy?

How do astrocytes stop ongoing synaptic activity?

Macrophages that are very active in neuroinflammation

in grey matter _ serve as perineuronal satellites ; in white matter they form myelin sheaths around axons, speeding up action potential propagation in CNS

Form myelin sheaths around neurons in the peripheral nervous system

Form an epithelium that lines ventricular cavities within the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord; typically cuboidal or columnar with numerous motile cilia on their apical surfaces

Groups of neurons

___ ___ is the longest nerve

Neurons are held together by what 3 connective tissues?