Transformation of a benign tumor to a neoplasm and malignancy occurs during what stage of cancer development?
Initiation
Promotion
Progression
Metastasis
Which of the following are medical disorders associated with constipation (SATA)
Colorectal tumor
IBS: Crohns & Ulcerative colitis
Hemorrhoids
Parkinson's Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease
African Americans are at highest risk of which of the following (SATA)
Cancer
Constipation
Fibromyalgia
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Infertility
Invasive undifferentiated cells that gain access to blood and lymph channels to metastasize to other areas of the body is an example of a:
Benign neoplasm
Malignant neoplasm
Oncogenes
Carcinoma in situ (CIS)
Neuropathic pain is spontaneous and has no useful purpose.
What describes a perceived increase in pain intensity over time when a non-painful stimulus is repeatedly delivered?
pain wind up
allodyna
hyperalgesia
fibromyalgia
Which of the following describes dysplasia (SATA)
uncontrolled growth
unusual growth
normal appearance, but too many cells
additional genetic changes in hyper-plastic cells
cells and tissue may become disorganized
wrong number of chromosomes
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are naturally occurring tumor suppressor genes.
Which of the following are external (modifiable) causes of cancer?
Smoking (smokey treats)
mutated tumor supressor genes
hormones (estrogen levels)
radiation exposure (sun, radiation therapy)
virus exposure (CMV, HVP, hepatitis)
immune system
During what stage does permanent genetic changes occur in daughter cells from the division of mutated cells which will also carry on the mutation?
Development
Infertility factors for women include which of the following (SATA)
Hispanic
Weight
DM
PID
HIV
Oocyte quality
Treatment for infertility primarily focuses on assistive reproductive technology (ART) for men.
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.
What type of infertility occurs when a couple has already had one successful pregnancy?
Primary infertility
Secondary infertility
Subfertility
Tertiary infertility
What medications are used to treat IBS: Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis?
chlorpromazine
azathioprine
sulfasalazine
misoprostol
What medication is not used to treat constipation?
psyllium
diphenoxylate
docusate sodium
bisacodyl
What are some clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease? (SATA)
osteodystrophy
red skin tone
pruritus
foamy urine
What are some ways to prevent CKD? (SATA)
Management of chronic conditions
DASH diet
> 2L water intake per day
walk your dog to the mail box
limit smoking
Which of the following medications are often contributors to constipation? (SATA)
zafirlukast
keflex
iron supplement
diuretics
analgesics
Iatrogenic constipation results from treatment such as surgery.
Fatigue of fibromyalgia is linked to which neurotransmitter?
dopamine
GABA
serotonin
Substance P
Substance P (a neuropeptide) is elevated in which clients? (SATA)
Chronic Pain
Infertile male
A patient presents with incontinence. He has depression and has limited mobility. What type of incontinence does he have?
Stress
Urge
Reflex
Overflow
Functional
A patient with poorly filtered urine> 400ml/day has ______________
Polyuria
nonoliguria
oliguria
anuria