Zoology Midterm

Homology

Analogy

Characteristics of Chordates (5)

Chordate Origin Hypotheses (3)

Major Vertebrate Innovations (5)

Components of vertebral column (4)

Extant Classes of Vertebrae (7)

Radiation/Diversification

Allometry

Isometry

geometric vs. arithmetic growth

Components of biological design (6)

Steps of early Chordate development (3)

3 paths of maturation

Heterochromy

Paedomorphosis

Progenesis

Neoteny

postdisplacement

Peramorphosis

Homeotic Hox Gene function

Agnathan groups (3, "4" groups)

major groups of Ostracoderms (4)

New Mouth Hypothesis

Characteristics of Placoderms (5)

Chondrichthyan characteristics (4)

Holocephelan modifications (4)

Characteristics of Osteichthyes (3)

Actinopterygian characteristics (4)

Teleost characteristics (4)

Sarcopterygian characteristics (4)

Rhipidistian characteristics (6)

significance of Tiktaalik

hydroxyapatite

bone functions (4)

main skeletal components (3)

3 components of the head skeleton

6 series of bone elements in dermatiocranium

Teleost Skull trends

Euautostylic Jaw suspension

Amphistylic Jaw Suspension

Hyostyly

Autostyly

Characteristics of fish Axial Skeletons (5)

Types of fins (3)

Types of fin rays

Basic structure of fish integument

Epidermis

Dermis

Function of integument (4)

Stratum corneum function and derivatives

Types of dermal scales (4)

Characteristics of fish gills (4)

types of internal gills (3)

Trends in evolution of gills

Gas Bladder

types of gas bladders (2)

renal portal vein

hepatic portal vein

Basic structure of fish heart

bulbous carteriousus

Early tetrapod theories (4)

Chiridium

Aconthostega characteristics

Ichtyostega characteristics

Temnospondyl characteristics

Anthracosaur characteristics

Tetrapod locomotion possibilities (3)

Ghost Range

Changes from fish to tetrapod (7)

muscles

ways of classifying muscles (3)

3 Major Muscle Groups

Types of Cranial Muscles (3)

Postcranial Muscles (2)

role of axial muscles in tetrapods (4)

epaxial muscles in amniotes (3)

hypaxial muscles (4)

appendicular muscles in fish (2)

6 trends in muscles between fish and tetrapods

Fate of mesoderm divisions (4)

Adaptations to reduce drag (4)

Tesserae

4 primary tissue types

batoidimorph characteristics (4)

Bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles (3 each)