What test is used to determine the average blood glucose in the last 2-3 month period?
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Fast Blood Glucose Test (FBG)
Average Glucose Test (AGT)
Hemoglobin A1C
What is considered the safe blood Glucose range?
60-90 mg/dL
70-120 mg/dL
70-140 mg/dL
60-130 mg/dL
What test is used to determine gestational diabetes.
Hemoglobin A1c
Creatinine Clearance
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Urine test
What is the normal range for sodium?
125-135 mEq
145-155 mEq
135-145 mEq
90-120 mEq
What is considered a safe level of potassium in the body?
6.2 mEq
2 mEq
3.3 mEq
4 mEq
If a patient is diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), they have type 1 DM.
A patient with Diabetic ketoacidosis has a BG of what?
250
250-299
>300
If a patient has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), there blood ph is abnormal.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is found only in patients with type 1 DM
Which types of insulin are rapid acting? (select all)
determir
aspart
glulisine
lispro
glargine
What types of insulin are intermediate (select all)
Humulin N
Novolin R
NPH
Novolin N
What types of insulin are long acting? Select all
Long acting insulin can be mixed with short acting insulin
When properly instructing a patient on how to give themselves insulin, what are important teachings. (SATA)
Rotate the vial in the the hand for long acting insulins
Rotate the vial in the hand for intermediate acting insulins
Give the injection IM
Inject air into the vial before removing the insulin from the vial
Rotate injection sites
Draw up cloudy solutions before clear solutions
Draw up clear solutions before cloudy solutions
It is okay to mix rapid acting insulin with intermediate acting insulin
What are the common risk factors for diabetes?
Eating lots of carbohydrates
Obesity
Giving birth to a baby over 9 pounds
Being African American
Being Caucasian
Being Asian American
Living in the United States
Metabolic Syndrome
What part of the body does not require insulin?
brain
heart
muscles
visceral organs
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of hypoglycemia resulting from defects in the insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leaden to abnormalities in carb, protein, and fat metabolism.
What are the risk factors of metabolic syndrome?
waist circumference of greater than 40 inches
hypertension
HDL greater than 35
Triglycerides below 150
Hypoglycemia is when the blood glucose falls below 70.
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. (select all)
sweating
tremors
bradycardia
tachycardia
mood changes
hunger
blurred vision
If a person is suffering from hypoglycemia, they need glucose quickly. What are the adequate amounts of glucose that can be given? (select all)
15-20 grams of carbs
4-6 ounces of fruit juice
75- 100 cc of 50% dextrose solution IV
25-50 cc of 50% dextrose solution IV
5 mg of glucagon injection IM
1 mg of glucagon injection IM
3-4 glucose tablets
Diabets is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations, blindness, and end-stage renal disease in the united states.
Some of the long term macrovascular complications of DM include what? (select all)
Stroke (CVA)
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
Neuropathy
Retinopathy
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Nephropathy
Cataracts, glaucoma and night blindness are all complications of DM
The first sign of liver failure is albumin in the urine
Insulin and glucagon have opposite effects.
What are the three common manifestations of DM? (select all)
polyuria
polydipsia
polyglucosuria
polyphagia
The A1C range for diagnosing diabetes is less than or equal to 6.5%
GLP1 inhibits insulin release as well as stimulates glucagon release.
A sick day diabetic therapy involves eating every 3- 4 hours and consuming a total of 150-200 grams of carbohydrates.
