The following questions are on the Haber process. What is the process used for?
The manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
The manufacture of Ammonia
The manufacture of Nitrogen
Cracking hydrocarbons
Tick what Ammonia is made of
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Carbon
Oxygen
Which two could hydrogen be obtained from?
Natural gas
Cracking of hydrocarbons
Burning sulfur in air
Electrolysis of water
The nitrogen is obtained from air
The reaction for the Haber Process is: N2 + 3 H2 ⇌ 2 NH3 (ΔH = −92.4 kJ·mol−1)
The equilibrium position is shifted to the right hand side for a high yield by...
using a low temperature and a high pressure
using a high temperature and a high pressure
using a high temperature and a low pressure
using a low temperature and a low pressure
What is the pressure used?
2 atmospheres
4 atmospheres
50 atmospheres
200 atmospheres
What reasons make a high pressure very expensive?
A lot of energy needed to compress the gases
Thick-walled pipes and reaction containers are needed
Dangerous so requires pressure safety equipment
Releases fossil fuels
What temperature is used as a compromise between rate and yield?
450℃
200℃
1000℃
50℃
What is the most economical catalyst?
Iron
Sodium
Magnesium
Lead
Under the conditions, how much hydrogen and nitrogen is converted into ammonia?
98%
15%
60%
100%
What happens to the unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen?
Passed again into the reaction chamber
Disposed of
Sent for analysis
Released into the environment to promote global warming
What happens to the ammonia?
It leaves the reaction vessel and is cooled, liquefied and tapped off.
It stays in the reaction vessel and is cooled, liquefied and tapped off.
It leaves the reaction vessel and is cooled, solidified and removed.
It stays in the reaction vessel and is cooled, solidified and tapped off.
What is ammonia used for?
Manufacture of fertilisers
Manufacture of nitric acid
Manufacture of nylon
Manufacture of steel
The following questions are on the Contact process. What is it used for?
Manufacture of sulfuric acid
Manufacture of ammonia
Manufacture of Copper Oxide
Stage 1 of the contact process is making sulfur dioxide: S(s)+O2(g)→SO2(g). How is this done?
By burning sulfur in air
By reacting it with oxygen
By absorbing it in oxygen
By diluting it with oxygen
Stage 2 of the contact process is making sulfur trioxide: 2SO2(g)+O2(g)⇌2SO3(g) ΔH=−196kJ/mol. How is this done?
Sulfur dioxide is reacted with oxygen
Sulfur dioxide is burnt in air
Sulfur dioxide is absorbed into oxygen
Sulfur dioxide is diluted with oxygen
It is called the contact process because in stage 2, the two gases react together in contact with a solid catalyst, Vanadium(V) Oxide
The forward reaction is exothermic so the yield would be increased by using a low temperature but due to rate of reaction, it is carried out at 450℃
There are fewer molecules on the right so the yield would increase with pressure, but as the yield is already 98%, what is the pressure used?
1000 atmospheres
Stage 3 of the contact process is making oleum: H2SO4(l)+SO3(g)→H2S2O7(l). How is this done?
Sulfur trioxide is absorbed into concentrated sulfuric acid
Sulfur trioxide is burnt with concentrated sulfuric acid
Sulfur trioxide is dissolved into concentrated sulfuric acid
Sulfur trioxide is diluted with concentrated sulfuric acid
The next part of stage 3 makes a concentrated solution of sulfuric acid out of oleum: H2S2O7(l)+H2O(l)→2H2SO4(aq). How is this done?
Oleum is diluted with water
Oleum is is rinsed with water
Oleum is recycled into water
Oleum is neglected by his parents
