Endocrine Pancreas

Did you know pancreas?

It produces exocrine and endocrine hormones by ... cells and ... cells respectively.

There are four types of cells in the exocrine pancreas: alpha (producing ...), beta (producing ...), delta (producing ...) and F (producing the ...).

Regarding these substances: what are the functions of the pancreas?

What happen in these situations of disruption of reference level of glucose in plasma?
- Hipoglucemia: ...
- Hiperglucemia: ...

Insulin is released when glucose in plasma is ... promoting the ... of glucose ... the cell and ... the release of ... from the liber.

Glucagon is released when glucose in plasma is ... and promotes the ... to the bloodstream and production of ... .

The insulin is produced because glucose is sensed:
1. Entry of glucose in ... cells.
2. ... of glucose producing ... .
3. ... channels are closed by ... .
4. Depolaryzation of cell and opening of ... channels.
5. Insulin released by ... .

For detecting insulin, all cells have receptors. Ones to detect isoform A (... cells; more affinity) and other to detect isoform B (... ; less affinity).

_Activation of insulin receptor_
0. Glucose enters by ... receptor at first.
1. Insulin binds receptor, conformational change inside, activation of ... and phosphorylation using ATP.
2. Other substrates phosphorylation promoting a ... .
3. Fusion of vesicles with ... to the membrane making easy the transport of glucose.
4. Modification of Glu in order not to exit the cell.
5. Oxidation or storage as ... .

Insulin potentiates the intake of glucose and storage as glycogen in ... and ... (also as lipids in the last one), and ... production and release of glucose in liver.

Glucagon stimulates production of glucose in ... , glycogen ... in skeletic muscles and hepatocytes, and triglyceride breakage in ... tissue.
It is also ... by insulin.

Pancreatic somatostatin ... or ... glucagon and insulin secretion; gastric, duodenal and biliar ... ; secretions of the gastrointestinal tract; glucose and triglyceride ... .