Who conducted research into learning theories as a reason for turning to crime?
Akers
meichenbaum
johansson
wikstrom
who conducted research into lack of control as a cause of stress?
Geer and Maisel
Asch
Daly
which concept includes the 9 postulates?
physiological measures of stress
detecting lies
Budzynski
learning theories
who conducted research on disrupted families?
Juby and farrington
Kohlberg
Canter
Castellow
what is meant by pre-convetnional in moral development ?
right and wrong is determined by what is punishable
what is good in your own eyes
exceptional cases
what contributes to a troubles family?
unemployment
low morality
high morality
what did Kohlberg investigate?
moral development
cognitive reasons for turning to crime
gender and evolution
ear accupuncture
The sexual group in Gudjohnssons research showed the most remorse for their crimes?
criminal thinking patterns are characterised by fear and a need for power and control?
Brunner conducted research into criminal thinking patterns?
criminal thinking patterns have three categories what are these?
Autonomic thinking errors
crime related thinking errors
criminal thinking patterns
pre-conventional thinking patterns
in the genes and serotonin bullet what facts are true?
study on family in netherlands
study on family in Norway
X chromosome
Y chromosome
impaired metabolism of seretonin
urine samples collected
7 males
what were the results of Raines study?
murderers were found to have higher levels of activity in the occipital lobe than the control
murderers had less activity and occipital lobe and more activity in the pre frontal lobe than the control
young men from disadvantaged neighbourhoods are expected to live a shorter life and therefore more likely to engage in risky behaviour. which study is this from?
Mann
Hastie
What are 4 of Sinahs 8 important factors when trying to reconstruct a strangers face?
can recognise familiar faces even when the resolution is high
cannot recognise faces even if familiar in low resolution
motion of the face helps identification
there are specialised neurons for face recognition
eyebrows and hairline are the most important features
eyes are the most important features
features are not processed holistically
who conducted research on the cognitive interview
Geiselman
Gujhonsson
fisher
what are the processes of the cognitive interview?
recall in a different order, report everything, recall from a different perspective
asked questions and answer them only recalling important details
interrupt denials
what are three interrogation techniques within Inbau's stages?
do not interrupt denials
close proximity
written confession
space between suspect and interviewer
who conducted research into the weapon effect?
Loftus
Inbau
Mann conducted research into detecting lies
police are not better than chance at detecting lies
IQ and suggestibility increase the likelihood of giving a false confession
Fisher conducted research into False confessions
their were 17 descriptors in the john duffy case study
which method does Canter use on the railway rapist
British
FBI
what does spacial consistency consist of?
interpersonal coherence
criminal characteristics
insignificance of time and place
degree of violence
a rape which does not initiate a high level of sexual contacts indicates someone with a low level of sexual activity in other areas of life
the British method is more scientific than the american approach?
British approach uses typology
Mokros and Alison found no correlation between the background of rapists
who conducted research into the British method ?
Mokros and Alison
Copson
Mokros conducted research on offenders background, age etc to find out whether their was a predictor
persuading a jury is about effect of order on testimony
who conducted research on persuading a jury?
Bullpit
Fisher
Pennington
effects or evidence being inadmissible. select relevant information
ruling evidence as inadmissible causes the jury to pay more attention to it
Cutler conducted research
Broeder conducted research
damage payment increased if liability insurance details were rued inadmissable
expert testimony improved jury's knowledge and made them pay more attention to WIC
ross et al conducted research into effect of shield on childrens eyewitness testimony
ross found there was an effect on shields being used in childrens eyewitness testimony
castellow found that looks don't matter
Penrod conducted research into witness confidence
orientation period is a stage of Hasties decision making
what are the two influences in majority influence bullet?
normative and informative influence
normative and ordinal influence
what type of study was the Asch study?
lab experiment
observation
natural experiment
Asch conducted an experiment on majority influence using a line judgement test
in minority influence select which information is true
clark conducted a study
Study was based on 'twelve angry men'
social influence strongest in groups when the participants read arguments and had knowledge of people changing their minds
information of people changing their mind had no impact
key factor in minority influence is consistency
key factor in minority influence is inconsistency
Health belief model choose facts relating to this bullet
Perceived susceptibility
People will take a health related action if they believe a negative health condition can be avoided
Percieved barriers prevent people from following recommended health actions
study on asthma
study found that there was no correlation between perceived severity and likelihood of an asthma attack on a child and the mothers adherence to the medical regime
locus of control can be external and internal
Wineman conducted research on self efficacy
Wineman conducted research on social support
Wineman conducted research into locus of control
what are the components of self efficacy?
mastery experience
social modelling
social persuasion
psychological response
perceived severity
Perceived benefits
what was Bandura's study on?
self efficacy in patients undergoing systematic desensitisation
locus of control, body image and weight loss in obese individuals
measures of adherence to medical regimes
The Yale model of persuasion is involved in which method of health promotion?
legislation
media campaigns
fear arousal
lack of control as a cause of stress
health belief model
Thw VISION campaign in Nigeria effectively changed peoples sexual behaviour
was legislation affective in Wakefield study at preventing the uptake of smoking?
it stopped smoking habits develop to a later stage, but home bans were more effective at preventing the uptake of smoking
it had no affect on smoking
Janis and feshbeck conducted research into fear arousal by looking at advertisements of cigarette packaging
the group with minimal fear arousal in Janis and Feshbecks study showed the most improvement in NET conformity to teeth brushing
what is the non intentional reasons for not adhering to medical regimes?
poor recall or inability to pay
due to beliefs and perceptions of the treatment
8% of males in research by curb withdrew due to sexual problems caused by the hypertension treatment
methodological triangulation is the most effective way to measure non adherence
who conducted research into measures of non adherence?
Chung and Naya
Bulpitt
watt et al
examples of daily hassles are..
losing keys
getting stuck in traffic
death of a family member
divorce
Kanner conducted research into hassles and uplifts in correlation to life events of Californians
examples for the concept of lack of control in causing stress include
the executive monkey
seligmans 'learned helplessness'
Watson and raynors learned phobias
Geer and maisel are an example for which concepts
lack of control
physiological methods of measuring stress
self report methods of measuring stress
work as a cause of stress
combined
physiological measures of stress include methods such as
Galvanic skin response
urine samples
heart monitors
bone marrow swabs
biofeedback
What is Rational emotive therapy
it is assumed that the person has persistent self defeating thoughts that are unrealistic, it aims to challenge these thoughts by helping the client to recognise them and discuss them. replacing the irrational thoughts with more realistic ones.treatment includes challenging conversations between client and therapist
aims to teach clients to replace self defeating thoughts with more positive ones and practise until it becomes a habit. clients are encouraged to think differently and are taught new skills for dealing with various situations
conceptualisation, skill acquisition, rehearsal and follow through or application
improvement on performance on the tests improved in the stress inoculation group compared with the other two groups
Budzynski conducted research into the biofeedback method of coping with stress?
what different types of social support are there?
esteem support
self esteem support
informational support
instrumental support
social companionship
relaxation support
what did waxler- morrison find to be linked with survival in women with breast cancer
marital staus
diet
employment
support from friends
