Phases of the cell cycle

3 main checkpoints

How are the checkpoints contorlled?

What are the effectors?

Cdk-cyclin complex

Concentrations of cyclins vary in a ...

G1 phase

What may arrest the cell cycle in G1 phase

Cdk

S-phase

G2 phase

Mitosis

CYTOKINESES

INITIATION OF M-PHASE

Mitotic spindle

PROPHASE

PROMETAPHASE

Kinetochore

Interpolar microtubuli:

METAPHASE

ANAPHASE

cohesin rings,

anaphase-promoting
complex (APC)

TELOPHASE

How does the nuclear envelope break down and reform during mitosis?

Cytokineses

Contractile ring

CONTROLL OF CELL NUMBER AND SIZE

Apoptosis

Necrosis

Extracellular signal molecules are needed for cell
survival, growth and division

HYPERPLASIA

DYSPLASIA

IN SITU CARCINOMA/NEOPLASM

INVASIVE CANCER

Some characteristics of cancer cells

ONCOGENES

TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE

5 standard treatments fr cancer

Targeted therapy