Sunscreen formulations

What are the three types of UV?

Which UV type is mainly responsible for sunburn?

True or False:
UV reaching earth surface is mainly UVA (95%) and 5% UVB

Which type of UV penetrates further in to the skin- UVA or UVB?

How do sunscreens work?

Which of the following are mainly UVB absorbers?
PABA, octyl salicylate, methoxycinnamate, anthranilates

What test is used to measure UVB effectiveness of sunscreen?

True or False:
SPF testing is an in vivo test measuring protection against sunburn

Briefly describe how SPF is determined

True or False:
If a person burns in 10 minutes without sunscreen and 150minutes with sunscreen, the SPF is 15

Which of the following test are used to rate UVA protection:
Boots star rating system
Critical wavelength method
Persistent Pigment Darkening test (UVA-PF)
SPF

Which of the following is NOT a sunscreen?
octyl salicylate
benzyl salicylate
methyl salicylate
Pamidate A
octyl methoxycinnamate

If a sunscreen product has an SPF of 50 does it offer twice as much protection as an SPF25 product?

What are drawbacks of oil sunscreen formulations?

What type of ingredients (besides sunscreen agents) are you likely to find in an emulsion sunscreen?

What are some approaches used to make water resistant formulation?

what factors affect the performance of a sunscreen?

Why are levelling agents sometimes used in sunscreens?

What were two safety concerns that have been raised about sunscreens?

What are two inorganic metal oxides used as sunscreen agents?

True or False:
titanium dioxide and zinc oxide particles will often try and re-aggregate in formulation, so particles are coated with agents such as silicon to reduce re-aggregation

True or False:
particle size of the inorganic metal oxides (ZnO and TiO2) will affect the UV absorption produced

Which of the following statements are true?
sunscreen agents may absorb UV and be degraded
sunscreen agents are commonly used in combinations to produce desired spectrum of activity
film formers are used in formulations to produce a uniform film and help with water resistance
octocrylene is commonly combined with avobenzone to reduce instability of avobenzone

Larger particle size of Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide lead to white appearance on skin, reducing particle size reduces this white appearance

How should you counsel patient on applying sunscreen