Sigma is a Greek letter that represents
Sample size
Variation
Quality
Customer satisfaction
DMAIC stands for
Determine, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Close
Define, Measure, Assess, Improve, Control
Decide, Measure, Analyze, Instill, Control
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
In the formula Y = f(X), Y represents
The major input to the process
The major step in the process
The output of the process
The name of the process
Processes can best be improved by focusing on
The key inputs that influence the output
The key outputs
Doing a better job of measuring
Determining how many defects the current process has
Six Sigma provides benefits for
Suppliers
Customers
The organization
All of the above
The Cost of Quality represents
how much it costs to have good quality
how much it costs to implement quality control
the cost of internal failure, external failure, prevention and appraisal
the cost of inspection and rework
DPMO stands for
Defects per million options
Defects per million opportunities
Definitions per million options
Decisions per million opportunities
Critical to Quality Characteristics are based on
the voice of the quality control department
the voice of the process
the voice of the customer
the voice of the executives
Common cause variation is
inherent in the process and the responsibility of management
inherent in the process and the responsibility of employees
attributable to items such as new materials, untested software or untrained employees
increased by changing the process
Six Sigma is primarily used to
eliminate waste
manage bottlenecks
reduce variation
measure employee satisfaction
DFSS stands for
Define for Six Sigma
Design for Six Sigma
Deliver Facts for Six Sigma
Deliberately Force Six Sigma
12. The DMAIC approach should be used to
Develop a new product or process design
Improve an existing product or process that meets customer requirements
Outsource a product or process design
Improve an existing product or process design that does not meet customer requirements
In the language of Six Sigma, an opportunity is defined as:
A chance to have a defect
A chance to work on process improvement
The number of chances per unit to have a defect
In the language of Six Sigma, the Sigma level of quality refers to
The number of standard deviations that fall within the customer specifications or requirements
The number of standard deviations on a control chart
The quality goal or target of the organization
The number of standard deviations that are counted
Process capability is determined by comparing
Performance of the process to arbitrary goals or objectives
Performance of the process to requirements or specifications
Performance of the process to control limits
Comparison of the process to industry standards
Which of the following statements is true about process inputs and outputs?
Inputs are a function of the output
There is no relationship between inputs and outputs
The output is a function of the inputs
There is no cause and effect relationship between inputs and outputs
In the language of Six Sigma, the target value gives the customer
an average level of satisfaction
the highest level of satisfaction
the lowest level of satisfaction
no satisfaction at all
Six Sigma projects should be selected based on
processes that display special cause variation and are unacceptable
processes that display common cause variation and are acceptable
processes that display special cause variation and are acceptable
processes that display common cause variation and are unacceptable
The Project Charter should be issued by
the project team
the project manager
the executives or champions in the organization
the customer
SIPOC stands for
Supplier, input, process, organization, customer
Supplier, index, product, output, customer
Source, input, product, organization, custodian
Supplier, input, process, output, customer
Cross-functional process maps are often referred to as
race track maps
swim lane maps
X and O diagrams
Value stream maps
The project charter serves to link the project to the
ongoing work and strategy of the employees
ongoing work and strategy of the customers
ongoing work and strategy of the suppliers
ongoing work and strategy of the organization
Customer surveys are used in the Define phase to help document
The financial strength of the customer
The satisfaction level of the customer
The Voice of the Customer
The communication preferences of the customer
Discrete data are
more precise than continuous data
less precise than continuous data
the same precision as continuous data
preferred over continuous data
Stratification of data must be considered
while the data are being collected
after the data are collected
before the data are collected
after the data are reviewed by management
In order to improve a process, data must come from
a process that is unstable
a process that is stable
either a stable or an unstable process
a process that is still under development
Which of the following is true?
Sigma level can be converted to number of defects
DPMO can be converted to Sigma level
Number of defects can be converted to number of opportunities
None of the above are true
Continuous data are typically
more precise than discrete data
less precise than discrete data
easier to collect than discrete data
easier to interpret than discrete data
Measurement systems analysis is concerned with
analyzing data after it is measured
analyzing data before it is measured
analyzing sources of error in the measurement system
analyzing what to measure
The Hawthorne effect explains that people
pay less attention to their job when they know they are measured
leave the work area when they know they are being measured
make more defects when they know they are being measured
pay more attention to their jobs when they know they are being measured
The mean is
The middle value
The most frequently occurring value
The average value
The difference between the low and high values
Probability can range between
zero and 100
one and 10
zero and one
.01 to .99
The Pareto principle helps us understand that
a large number of causes account for a large percentage of variation
a large number of causes account for most of the effects
a small number of causes account for a large percentage of variation
a large number of effects account for most of the variation
A run chart helps us understand
variation from one location to another
variation between employees
variation over time
variation between companies
Cause-and-effect diagrams are often referred to as
soup bone diagrams
fish bone diagrams
knee bone diagrams
bone head diagrams
The five-why technique is useful when searching for
inputs
outputs
root causes
effects
All of the following are types of waste except:
waiting
correcting defects
adding value to a product
storing material in inventory
In a normal distribution; which of the following is true?
It is likely that more observations will occur below the average than above
It is equally likely that observations will occur above or below the average
It is likely that more observations will occur above the average than below
We don’t know anything about the likelihood of observations
Waste is defined as any activity which
makes the process flow smoothly and provides the right product or service
absorbs resources and creates value for the customer
causes more profit and creates value for the customer
absorbs resources and creates no value for the customer
In descriptive statistics the range is defined as
the average value
the difference between the minimum and maximum value
the square of the standard deviation
the middle value when the data are arranged according to size
In the Improve phase we seek solutions that will
remove the customers from the equation
eliminate the roots causes of problems
result in the lowest cost to implement
be easiest to sell to the employees involved
FMEA stands for
failure means and effects analysis
final modes and effects analysis
failure modes and effects abnormalities
failure modes and effects analysis
FMEA considers three factors -
probability of occurrence, severity and decision making
probability of not occurring, severity and detection
probability of occurrence, severity and detection
probability of not occurring, substance and defensibility
defects cause errors
errors cause defects
errors and defects are not related
zero defects cannot be achieved
A pilot of the proposed solution
is a waste of time
should be used only when the technology is unproven
is generally recommended
will result in higher overall cost to the project
The solution must be evaluated for
intended consequences
unintended consequences
both intended and unintended consequences
none of the above
The best way to prevent defects from reaching the customer is
find them using inspection
find them using Statistical process Control
find them by having employees check on each other
prevent them from occurring by using error proofing
Contingency plans for what to do if the process degrades are part of the
project plan
product plan
process control plan
preliminary plan
The process control plan should include
plans for continuous improvement
process maps
work instructions
all of the above
Project closure includes
capturing lessons learned
recognizing and rewarding team members
