01. A learner produces a response, often without observable stimuli, that is maintained by reinforcement. This statement refers to...

02. Storing examples and drawing a rule that governs the specific instances is the principle of...

03. Which theory is based on the assumption that all human beings create their own vision of reality so that different, contarsting ways of describing the world are equally legitimate

04. Which theory of second language acquisition is based on the assumption that it is innately determined due to a genetic capacity available to all human beings?

05. The stage which characterizes the course of intellectual development of a child of seven to elefen is described by Piaget (1972) as..

06. The distance between a child's actual cognitive capacity and the level of potential development is described by Vygotsky (1987) as the..

07. Selinker (1972) identified five major cognitive processes responsible for SLA, one of them is...

08. The learner's ability to make repairs and sustain communication through paraphrase or repetition is labeled by Canale and Swain (1980) as...

09. McLaughlin's (1987) Attention Processing Model refers to the two processing mechanisms:..

10. The Competition Model of SLA (MacWhinney 1989) focuses primarily on the study of...

11. In her model of SLA Susan Gass (1997) distinguishes the two types of input:..

12. Stages of L2 acquisition through which a learner passes in acquiring specific grammatical structures such as interrogatives or relative clauses are referred to as...

13. Andersen (1980) claims that learners make the input confirm to their own view the L2 system. This process is described as...

14. according to Slobin (1985) the processes involved in storing items noticed and processed into long-term memory are referred to as the processes of..

15. Tomiin and Villa (1994) distinguishes the three types of attentional processes, they are...

16. The process of identifying how the input the learner is exposed to differs from the output he or she produces, is the main focus of study in

17. Interactionally modified input assists learners to notice linguistic forms in the input. The noticed form lie within the learner's 'processing capacity'. Those claims refer to..

18. Operating Principles, such as e.g. relevance, have been formulated to explain why certain linguistic forms appear in learner's production before others. They are the key concept of..

19. The Parallel Distributed Processing Model (Rumelhart and McClelland1986) differs from the majority of other models of language acquisition because it rejects the concept of...

20. The length of children's utterances gradually increases and their knowledge of grammatical structures is built up in steps. This is the evidence of...

21. Variability is a feature of performance and not of the learner's underlying system, e.g. competence. This view refers to which of the following approaches to SLA?

22. The main sources of data in the UG-based studies of SLA is derivied from...

23. UG-based studies of Principles and Parameters( e.g. Chomsky 1981) focus mainly on...

24. According to the Government and Binding Model of SLA languages vary according to whether they forbid the deletion of subjevt pronouns. This parameter is called...

25. Languages with null subjects like Polish (e.g. Lubię to) differ from English in terms of word order and expletives (e.g. dummy 'it' and 'there' in Eng). This means that they have

26. This model of SLA (Swartz and Sprouse 1996) assumes that the initial stage is the product of L1 transfer, however learners are able to restructure their initial grammar by selecting an alternative setting that is compatible with the L2 input from those available in UG. It is referred to as the...

27. R. Hawkins (1989) examined the acquisition of L2 French relativizers 'qui', 'que' and 'dont'. He claims on the basis of the NP Accessibility Hierarchy that the first structure to be acquired is..

28. According to Crookes (1989) the main factor influencing the learner's speech production is...

29. Rote-learning and inductive language-learning ability are two components of the learner's...

30. Words which are stressed on the second syllable, such as police or machine, are referred to as..

31. Learners' utterances constructed by borrowing chunks from the preceding discourse and with the use of the learner's own resources ( A:'Come here!" - B: "No come here") are called...

32. Cummins (1979) introduced the two concepts of cognitive academic language proficiency and basic interpersonal communication skills. They both refer to the two ascpects of...

33. The process of using non-target forms that belong to an earlier stage of development on some occasion, even though the learner uses the correct forms on other occasions, is called...

34. Which of the statements about the silent period in language acquisition is true?

35. The neurological evidence is that as the human brain matures certain functions are assigned to the left or right hemisphere of the brain. This process is called...

36. Information provided to a learner concerning the incorrectness of a form used is called...

37. Which of the following statements concerning the role of speech planning time is NOT true?

38. Which of the following criteria would NOT be considered as a measure of speech complexity

39. One of the measures of temporal variables related to the phenomenon of speech planning is the number of syllables spoken per second, excluding pause time (Wiese 1984). It is called the...

40. Categorical rules such as [X->Y/__A], where X is realized as Y in context A, were used by Labov (1972) to describe speech behaviour of native speakers of English known as...

41. According to the Speech Accomodation Theory ( Giles 1971), speakers adjust their normal speech to make it more similar to theur interlocutor's speech. This is referred to as speech..

42. Tarone ( 1983) claims that learners use a range of styles in their L2 production. Which of the following styles is characterized by the highest percentage of the correct L2 forms?

43. According to O'Malley et al. (1985), using available information to guess meanings of new items, predict outcomes, or fill in missing information is a cognitive learning strategy of...

44. Utterances that rephrase the learner's incorrect utterance while still referring to its central meaning (NNS: 'En las mesa hay una taza rojo.' NS:'Um, una taza roja.') are described as...

45. Which of the statements about learning strategies is untrue? Strategies are...

46. Structures such as *The boy slided across the ice are the example of...

47. Structures sych as *The dog ated the chicken are example of errors of...

48. Learners try to perform the right speech act but use the wrong linguistic form. This is a..

49. Which of the following factors does not influence ungrammatical foreigner talk modifications?

50. Formal instruction can only promote SLA if the learner's language is close to the point when the structure to be taught is acquired in the natural setting. This statement refers to...