Nucleolus/Nucleoli is the site of production of the Ribosomes.
Genetic Material often called Genes is dispersed in the form of Chromatin in non-dividing cells and organized in the form of chromosomes in dividing cells.
True or False?
A cell has three MAIN parts:
Plasma membrane; which is composed of a lipid bilayer and membrane proteins
cytoplasm, which contains cytosol and organelles
Diffusion, passive process in which random mixing of particles occurs
Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell where ATP is stored.
Nucleus, which contains most of the cells genes, located on chromosomes.
Lysosomes, suicide sack that breaks down bodies/organelles.
Diffusion:
Measure of the solutions ability to change the volume of cells by altering their water content
A passive process in which random mixing of particles in a solution occurs because of the particles kinetic energy.
Occurs almost like osmosis
None of these answers
Osmosis is a type of diffusion in which there is net movement of a solvent through a selectively permeable membrane.
Epithelial membrane includes;
Mucous
Cutaneous
Serous
Bone
Connective Tissue
Cells in hypertonic solution undergo lysis.
Distal or proximal end of bone are called epiphysis
Connected tissue is the most abundant tissue in the body.
True or false.
Is this true or false E is where the mitochondrion is J is Micrvilli and F is the smooth ER
The main function of the nucleus is to
Generate ATP for the cell
Produce ribosomes
Stored DNA into slow all the functions of the cell
Destroy the cell
The fibrosis capsule secretes Synovial fluid
Extension occurs in what plane?
Frontal
Oblique
Sagittal
Transverse
What type of joint is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?
Ellipsoid
Gliding
Hinge
Saddle
What type of joint is this?
Ellipsoid/condyloid
Which movement occurs add a ball and socket joint?
Rotation
Abduction
Flexion
All of the above
And Aponeurosis is a wide sheet of tendon
Elevation occurs in the frontal plane
Identify this type of muscle
Multipennate
Circular
Bipennate
Sphincter
The _____________ surrounds individual muscle fibers
Perimysium
Epimysium
Endomysium
Periosteum
An example of a hinge joint would be the wrist
You sweat (sensible and insensible) up to 600ml a day.
All diarthrotic joints are synovial joints
Articulate means where the bones join
A tendon connects
Bone to bone
Muscle to bone
Bone to cartilage
Fascia to skin
Origin is generally the attachment that is proximal and stationary
Generally attachment is distal and movable, this is called _______?
Origin
Insertion
Origin insertion reversed
Antagonist
Smallest units of matter that participate in chemical reactions:
Molecules
Atoms
Hormones
Cells
Which of the following is true about GAP JUNCTIONS?
They anchor tissue cells to the basement membrane
They allow for tissue cells to communicate with one another
they keep cells from separating; commonly found in the digestive tract
they form a secretory surface for exocrine glands
Science of the body's structures and relationships among them is called what?
Osteology
Anatomy
Phisology
Osteoblast
ALL of the following tissues are vascular EXCEPT:
a skeletal muscle
smooth muscle of visceral organs
epithelium
dense fibrous CT (connective tissue)
Cartilage Does Not regenerate well or easily
How many Basic Types of bone tissue are there?
2 types
6 types
3 types
0 types
None of the above
Chemical Bonds:
A) Is a force that holds together the atoms of a molecule or compound.
B) Each movement or pair of movements is classified as a degree of freedom
C) None of the above
D) Answers A and C
Muscle and Serous membranes are examples of muscle tissue
The Body's ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions, even though the outside world is continuously changing is called Homeostasis.
Whats another name for Anterior?
Exterior
Ventral
Dorsal
Extension
Osteoblasts are Bone resorbing cells
What prevents passage of substances between cells?
Tight Junctions
Gap Junctions
Facsia
Adipose
Superficial
Covering and lining epithelial tissue is classified according to the arrangement of cells into layers and functions of the cells making up that tissue
Superficial Tissue is a structure closer to the body's surface.
A foramen is a what type of opening through bone?
Round
Square
Distal
Oval
Rectangular
NAME THAT BOND: Positively + Negatively charged ions are attracted to one another. The force of attraction that holds together ions w/ opposite charges is;
Hydrogen Bond
Ionic Bond
Colalent Bond
All of the Above
Covalent Bonds are
2 or more atoms that share electrons, rather then gaining or losing them.
They share 1,2 or 3 pairs of Valence electrons.
Loose Connective Tissue
They form a Covalently bonded molecule.
Are found every where
Epithelia does not regenerate well or easily
Vitamine A is needed for the production of healthy C.Tissue
This tissue Binds, supports, strengthens, protects, insulates, separates, stores energy and transports blood.
Cartilage
Lymph
Loose Connective Tissue; some examples are.
Areolar
Blood
Dense Regular Connective tissue
Reticular connective tissue
How many types of Chemical bonds are there?
2
6
10
3
5
The 3 Types of Chemical bonds are?
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Deep Tissue Bonds
Catalyst Bonds
a Mature bone cell and helps maintain bone tissue.
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts
White blood cell
List the 3 types of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Cardica Muscle
Connective Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Ability to regenerate depends on what?
Blood Supply
Severity of injury
Homeostasis
Status of Patient
Type of tissue injured
Bone Reabsorbing Cells
study of bone
Trochanter
Illiac Crest
Osteoblasts are Bone forming cells
Appendicular Skeleton
is composed of 126 bones
Has limbs
Involves the pectoral girdle
Has no limbs
Involves pelvic girdle
Connective Tissue is often found lining the respiratory tract
Dorsal, also called Posterior is found situated on or toward the upper side of the body (equivalent to the back of the body)
Parts of the Skeletal System include;
Bones
Joints
Glands
Ligaments
The Axial Skeleton Forms the Longitudinal Axis of the body and is divided into 3 parts; Skull, Vertebral Column and Thorax.
The Pectoralis Major is Superficial to the ribs.
How many Pennate Muscles are there?
8
9
There are only 2 pennate muscles.
This tissue has a gelatinous consistency
Fascia
Unlike bone and all other connective tissue types, cartilage is avascular, lacking blood vessels. For this reason alone, cartilage does not possess the regenerative capacity of bone or the other connective tissue types.
True or False
The Cell junctions are:
Connective junctions
Gap junctions
The Adherens Junctions (Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes)
Cell Membrane
Ligaments Attach Muscle to bone.
Where are the Veins easily located?
Dorsal or posterior surface of the hand and feet
Anterior surface of the stomach
All of the above of the above
Only where Flexion Occurs
What connective tissue is palpable
Tendon
Ligament
Adipose and Fascia
Aponeurosis and Periosteum
Nerves
Exocrine Glands
Mucus, Sweat, Oil, Wax and Digestive glands are examples of Endocrine Glands.
Nuclear Envelope (Membrane) is a double membrane continuous with Rough ER. preforated by large nuclear pores. (exchanges/communicates between nucleus and cytoplasm)
Dorsal Body Cavity has two subdivisions.
Cranial Cavity is
The Spinae
Space inside the skull
Phalanges
Posterior
Palpable
Spinal Cavity extends from Cranial Cavity to the Caudal end of the spinae
A feedback system includes 3 basic components.
The three basic components of a feedback system include:
Receptor
Reverse osmosis
Equilibrium
Control center
Effector
Metabolism is the sum of ALL chemical processes that occur in the body.
When _________ dissociates in water, it will form hydroxide ions. (OH+)
Acid
Salt
Chemical Bonds
Base
Atom
Differentiation is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.
True or False.
A cycle of events in which a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed and adjusted accordingly. What am I?
Metabolic
Feedback system
Molecule
a Proton has no negative or positive charge. (is uncharged)
Organic Compounds never contain Carbon.
Which bond is most common in the body, and the compounds that result from them/it form most of the body's structures?
Catalyst Bond
Covalent Bond
Positive charged atom
A catalyst is a type of
Ion
Compound
Chemical Bond
When an Acid dissociates in water, it will form hydrogen ions. (H+)
Enzyme is one kind of Lipid
The Difference between DNA and RNA in terms of the number of strands; DNA - 2, RNA - 1
The PH scale is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
When a _________________ dissociates in water, it will form cations and anions, which is neither H+ or OH-.
Magnesium
Click the boxes that best define a cell
The cell is the basic living, structural, and functional unit of the body
A place where prisoners go
consists of 3 main componants
Houses the Mitochondria
Lysosomes are often referred to as the "power house" of the cell. Stores ATP to be used as energy.
Check the boxes that are true about Lysosomes.
Often called the Suicide sack
Produces ATP
Digests worn-out organelles and releases components for reuse.
Contain 40 kinds of powerful digestive enzymes
participates in metabolism
Autolysis is the Destruction of the whole cell.
Peroxisomes are similar to Lysosomes but contain different enzymes. They participate in metabolism and detoxification.
Click the boxes that apply to Mitochondria.
Outer layer is Smooth while inner layer is Cristae
Referred to as the Suicide Sack
Stores ATP for Energy
inside it also houses a Matrix
site of aerobic phase of cellular respiration
The nucleus is the control center of the cell. usually the cell only consists of one of these and is spherical or oval in shape/size. Contains the following components; Nuclear Envelope, Nucleoli and the genetic material of that specific cell.
Click the Answers that are correct
H: Epidermis
K: Eccrine Sweat Gland
G: Sebaceous Gland (OIL)
D: Dermis
F: Dermal Papillae
F: Hair Follicle
D: Hair root
G:Sweat Pore
I: Arrector Pilli Muscle
The Protein Responsible for protecting cellular nuclei from UV light damage is called:
melanin
keratin
elastin
collagen
All of the following are a function of the skin EXCEPT:
Serves as the first and foremost barrier to disease
excretes and absorbs substances
stores blood
participates in synthesis of Vit. C
houses sensory receptors
Hair,Sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and nails make up the:
accessory structures of the skin
superficial portion of the sermis
deep portion of the hypodermis
underlying structures of the skin
Erythematous colouring of the skin is indicated when the skin becomes pale.
The papillary region is found in the:
in the superficial portion of the dermis
in the superficial portion of the hyperdermis
in the sebaceous glands
in the stratum glands
in the superficial layer of the epidermis
THIN skin contains the following layers (Strata)
click all that apply
Stratum Corneum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
stratum basale
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum germinativum
It takes approx. a Month or 4-6 weeks for cells from the stratum basale to rise to the surface, become keratinized and slough off.
The skin releases all of the following EXCEPT:
salt
heat
water
creatinine
urea and ammonia
Click the answers that are correct
(1-5 only)
1: Frontal bone
2:Parietal bone
3: Temporal bone
4:Maxilla
5: Cervical vertebra
1: Sacrum
2:Radius
3:True rib
4: Sternum
5: Orbit
Click the Correct Answers:
(34-36 only)
34:Clavicle
35: Mandible
36: Lower teeth
34: Humerous
35: Ulna
36: upper teeth
Click the correct answers:
(17-19 only)
17: Tarsal bones
18: Phalanges (toes of the feet)
19: Metatarsal bone
17: Talus
18: Femur
19: False rib
Superior is the same as Cranial, they both mean upper or toward the Head of the body.
(19-21 only)
20: Talus
21: Fibula
19: Femur
20: Ulna
21: Ilium
your heart is superior to your stomach
Anterior and Ventral are the same thing and mean in front of .
example: The kneecap is located on the Anterior side of the leg
Another term for Dorsal
Proximal
Lateral
This means toward the Trunk/Center of the body.
(or nearest to the point of Attachment/Reference)
Superior
Supine
The neck is superior to the chest
The foot is more distal than the kneecap
This means Away from or farthest from the Truck or Center of the body. (away from the point of attachment or reference)
Prone
Adduction
Flexion is a bending movement that decreases joint angle
ex. elbow joint position when waving hello
Extension is movement increasing the angle between articulating bones. Another way to express this is "increasing the inner angle of the joint". The opposite movement to that of extension is flexion.
ex. straightening the elbow or arm after waving
Abduction definition
Motion that brings (or pulls) a limb away from your body's midline
motion involving simple twisting of a joint
adding a limb to the body's midline
opposite of flexion
Histology Anatomy Physiology Osteology( Histology, Anatomy, Physiology, Osteology ): the science that deals with the study of tissues
Anatomy: the science of body structures atoms body systems cellular motion( body structures, atoms, body systems, cellular motion ) and the relationship system( relationship, system ) among them