Approach Method Technique( Approach, Method, Technique ): it refers to an overview, which applies to learning for all kind of learners. It is a ser of principles, beliefs or ideas about the nature of learning.
Method Technique Approach( Method, Technique, Approach ): practical implementation of an approach. Methods are thus the combination of techniques used by the teachers in the classroom.
Technique Approach Method( Technique, Approach, Method ): personal strategies used to provide students with effective instruction.
Characteristics of the Grammar-Translation Method:
Lessons are conducted in the target language
Written skills are taught first
Grammar is taught inductively
Teachers play an authoritarian role
The shows the following characteristics: - Lessons are conducted in the target language. - Oral skills are taught first. - Phonetics is applied to teaching. - Grammar is taught inductively. - Translation is avoided. - Words are presented in context.
The ❌ and variations of this appear to have co-existed with other more traditional approaches during the first half of the ❌. Nevertheless, the demand created for language ability during the ❌ generated an unprecedented investment in L2 ❌, giving rise to a wide variety of approaches.
The Situational Approach is based on...
Universal Grammar
Structuralism
Behaviourism
The Audio-Lingual Method is based on...
The Cognitive Approach is based on...
The shows the following characteristics: - Lessons are conducted in the target language. - Oral skills are taught first. - Grammar is taught inductively. - Pronunciation is highlighted from the beginning. - Memorisation
The Cognitive Approach shows the following characteristics: - is primary, either deductively or inductively taught. - All are important. - Perfect is seemed as unrealistic. - are inevitable. - Teachers must have a in the target language.
Example of Cognitive Approach:
Silent Way
Suggestopedia
Natural Approach
Total Physical Response
CLIL stands for .
Although the ❌ extent of the ❌ of bilingual education is yet to be seen, ❌ do tend to show ❌ language performance ❌ among ❌ students.
CALL stands for .
-Automated Creative( Automated, Creative ) apps are useful for understanding, but teachers should avoid overreliance on them, since they may be demotivating if overused. -Creative Automated( Creative, Automated ) apps promote collaboration and communication, laying the emphasis on students creating with the language.
Flipped classroom engages students in active learning. It consists of delivering instructional material online outside the classroom, so tasks and activities, usually done as homework, are carried out in class.
Flipped Classroom is supported by technology through:
Providing materials in the same format
Promoting interaction in and out of the classroom
Conveying timely information
Providing anonymous feedback
Gamification serves not only functions, as it encourages learning and the integration of the four skills, but also and functions, since it motivates students, creates a pleasant , develops social skills and improves the between teacher and students.
The Threshold Level of the Council of Europe was published in...
1970
1971
1980
1981
The Communicative Approach was actually developed in opposition to the Audio-Lingual Method which emphasised and .
History-wise, second or foreign language learning and teaching have undergone many over the years. They were influenced by a variety of fields, namely , and . The theories of language learning aforementioned have brought about several over history. Prior to the 19th century, language teaching methodology relied on two types of approaches: those focusing on a language, and those focused on a language. Both of them were not .
The Direct method emerged in an attempt to make language learning less and more in line with the for communication.
In the Audio-Lingual Method, listening and speaking are taught by means of in order to teach useful vocabulary and common communicative structures.
Although Flipped Classroom was not generally selected among teachers, the triggered by the pandemic and the methodology implemented in the highest stage of CSE during 2020-2021 has led to a for it.