A hydroxyl group is
also called a carbonyl group.
characteristic of proteins.
characteristic of alcohols.
composed of two oxygen atoms.
Which of the following is a carboxyl group?
-C-O
-OH
-NH2
-COOH
Which of the following is an amino group?
-CO
Which of the following statements about the monomers and polymers found in living organisms is false?
Cells typically make all of their macromolecules from a set of 40-50 common monomers and a few other ingredients that are rare.
The monomers used to make polymers are essentially universal.
Monomers serve as building blocks for polymers.
Monomers are joined together by the process of hydrolysis.
The results of dehydration synthesis can be reversed by
condensation.
hydrolysis.
polymerization.
the addition of an amino group.
A molecule with the formula C55H110O55 is probably a(n)
oil.
steroid.
protein.
polysaccharide.
Cellulose differs from starch in that
starch is formed by plants and cellulose by animals.
most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
starch is made of glucose monomers, whereas cellulose is made of fructose monomers.
cellulose is highly branched, whereas starch is unbranched.
Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from
plants.
dairy products.
red meats.
fish.
The storage form of carbohydrates is ________ in animals and ________ in plants.
starch; glycogen
glycogen; starch
cellulose; glycogen
glycogen; cellulose
Which of the following organisms contain the polysaccharide chitin?
animals and plants
plants and bacteria
fungi and insects
insects and plants
An oil may be converted into a substance that is solid at room temperature by
adding hydrogens, decreasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
removing water, causing a dehydration synthesis reaction to occur.
removing hydrogens, increasing the number of double bonds in the molecules.
cooling it, so that double bonds form and the fats solidify.
A diet high in animal products and hydrogenated vegetable margarine may increase the risk for atherosclerosis. This is because
most animal fats are unsaturated and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of steroids.
most hydrogenated vegetable margarines are hydrogenated oils and most animal products contain high levels of phospholipids.
most animal fats are used for energy storage and most hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of unsaturated fats.
most animal fats are saturated and many hydrogenated vegetable margarines contain high levels of trans fats.
What feature of fats makes them hydrophobic?
Fats have carboxyl groups.
Fats include one glycerol molecule.
Fats have polar fatty acids.
Fats have nonpolar hydrocarbon chains.
If you were to add olive oil to your food as part of a diet to lower your risk of atherosclerotic disease, you would use olive oil that
is liquid at room temperature.
is hydrogenated.
is modified to be solid at room temperature.
has lard added to it.
Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by
the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules.
the chemical properties of their R groups.
the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule.
the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.
Glucose molecules are to starch as ________ are to proteins.
oils
amino acids
fatty acids
monosaccharides
Proteins cannot be denatured by
heat.
changes in pH.
changes in salt concentration.
freezing.
How are genes used by cells to build proteins?
The genes in DNA direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of a DNA molecule, which is used to build a protein.
DNA is transcribed into an amino acid sequence.
The genes in RNA direct the synthesis of proteins directly.
Which of the following options correctly pairs a polymer and its monomer?
cellulose, amino acids
DNA, nucleotides
collagen, nucleic acids
RNA, ribose
You work for a company that manufactures food products. A new "wonder food" is being distributed by a rival company. The researchers in your company determine that the "wonder food" contains only carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. At this point, your researchers can say with certainty that the food
includes proteins.
could only be made of triglycerides.
could only be made of carbohydrates.
does not include proteins or nucleic acids.
If you ate a 100% plant-based (vegan) diet, what molecule would you never eat?
starch
cellulose
cholesterol
phospholipids
Which meal is high in fiber, low in saturated fats, and high in unsaturated fats?
a rib eye steak, mashed potatoes, and side salad with ranch dressing
a plate of scrambled eggs with a side of cottage cheese
a black bean, cheese, lettuce, and sour cream burrito in a flour tortilla
a bowl of spaghetti tossed with olive oil, artichokes, and broccoli
You identify a molecule in a pizza that is a polymer; has oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur atoms; and is hydrophilic. What kind of molecule is it?
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. How much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?
25 pounds
50 pounds
75 pounds
100 pounds
You have a cup of vegetable oil and a vial full of normal phospholipids. What would you predict would happen if you dropped the phospholipids into the cup of vegetable oil?
The phospholipids would form a sphere with the heads on the inside.
The phospholipids would form a sphere with the tails on the inside.
The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the tails in the air.
The phospholipids would float on the surface of the oil with the heads in the air.
What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand TCGATGG?
TCGATGG
GGTAGCT
AGCUACC
AGCTACC
Myosin is a contractile protein found in muscles that is composed of three pairs of subunits, two heavy chains, and two pairs of two different types of light chains, for a total of six subunits. Myosin contains what level(s) of protein structure?
primary
primary and secondary
primary, secondary, and tertiary
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
These two molecules are structural isomers. What is the difference between them?
the number of carbon atoms
the number of hydrogen atoms
the location of a double-bonded oxygen atom
Only one of them has a double bond between carbon atoms.
Below are the structures of three fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. What combination of these fatty acids could you use to make a fat that is liquid at room temperature?
one palmitic acid, one stearic acid, and one oleic acid
three palmitic acids
two palmitic acids and one stearic acid
one stearic acid, one oleic acid, and one phosphate group
Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?
a carbonyl group
a carboxyl group
a methyl group
one or more double bonds
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