Within the growing number of wealthy American families after the Civil War, the expected role for women was to
invest and safeguard the family's money.
consume and display the family's wealth.
use modern advances to do more of the housework.
shape the family's moral life to guard against materialism.
What was a distinctive component of American cultural life for middle-class women in the late nineteenth century?
Membership in a women's club
Membership in a health club
Enrollment at an all-women's college
Advocacy of woman suffrage
How did the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL) treat working women in the late 1800s?
The Knights welcomed women workers; AFL leaders believed that women should stay at home.
Both unions organized skilled laborers, which allowed garment workers and other women in skilled trades to join.
The Knights of Labor were more successful and longer lasting than the AFL but did not allow women.
The Knights of Labor would not support strikes by women, but the AFL would.
How were the requirements for operating a typewriter different from operating a sewing machine?
Sewing machine operators had to attend trade schools and were considered skilled labor; typists learned their craft on the job.
The work of typists was much easier, but sewing machine operators had better job security and wages.
Most office managers preferred male typists, while sewing machine operators were mostly women.
Typists were required to have an education and a command of the English language; operating sewing machines required little formal training.
Why did "homosocial" relationships come under attack in the late nineteenth century?
Too many women were rejecting marriage for the comfort of female companionship.
Critics cited them as one more negative aspect of giving women the right to vote.
Homosocial relationships of working women were seen as a negative socialist influence.
Physicians characterized the relationships as "unnatural" or "abnormal."
Why did most black families choose sharecropping over other forms of agricultural labor during Reconstruction?
White landowners refused to hire freedmen as day laborers or use them in gang labor.
Sharecropping allowed black farmers to make significant profits.
Sharecropping allowed black families to work independently without direct white oversight.
Black workers preferred to work the land under white supervision than toil in factories.
How did the woman suffrage movement respond to the congressional debates over the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments?
Women split over whether to endorse the Fifteenth Amendment, which omitted the word "gender."
Women gained the Supreme Court's support for the argument that women could not be denied the vote on the basis of gender.
The suffrage movement collapsed after rejection of its goals by Congress and disappeared for the next fifty years.
Frustrated by failure to win the vote, the movement shifted to focus on getting women admitted to colleges in greater numbers.
What was the argument about woman suffrage advanced by the New Departure theory of the suffrage movement?
The right to privacy undergirded women's right to vote, but a constitutional amendment would be advantageous.
Women were persons under the Fourteenth Amendment and thus, as citizens, had the right to vote.
Women over the age of twenty-one were adults, and all American adults had a fundamental right to vote.
The best way for women to win the right to vote was by petitioning Congress for an equal rights amendment.
The Supreme Court's decision in Minor v. Happersett
threw the question of woman suffrage back to the states.
established that voting was a privilege, not a right of citizenship.
held that women should not have voting rights because most were not educated.
ruled that the Fifteenth Amendment did not apply to women.
Many freedwomen responded to the defeat of the Confederacy by
leading armed rebellions against their former masters.
traveling in large numbers to the North to work in textile factories.
taking to the road or advertising to find lost spouses and family members.
demanding to be paid for past labor in hopes of educating their children.
Black codes were laws passed by
the Freedmen's Bureau to protect newly freed slaves.
Congress that legalized sharecropping.
southern states to limit the freedom of freedmen.
southern states to outlaw child labor in the South.
Why did many poor white women who worked in southern textile mills in the 1880s consider this work a privilege?
The pay in southern factories was better than salaries paid in the North.
They preferred factory work to working as domestics.
It was the first opportunity that southern women had to work outside the home.
Factories hired only white women, which made the work seem to be a racial privilege.
Why did white southern groups such as the Ku Klux Klan charge that black men were sexual predators who sought access to white women?
To assert control over African American men in the aftermath of slavery
To win sympathy for the plight of women in northern newspapers
To protest the growing rate of interracial marriage that cost them potential marriage partners
To hide their shame over their inability to attract suitable marriage partners
What did the U.S. Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson?
Jim Crow laws were unconstitutional.
Segregation was legal and compatible with the Fourteenth Amendment.
African American men could be denied the right to vote.
Public transportation could not be segregated.
A common criticism of working women in the late nineteenth century was that they
were not as committed to their work as men.
joined unions in greater numbers than men.
were overpaid for the meager work they performed.
took jobs away from male breadwinners.
By the late nineteenth century, what gains in women's rights had been realized?
The New York legislature had given women the right to vote.
The Supreme Court had ruled that women had the right to vote in all elections.
African American women had the right to vote.
Women had the right to vote in territorial and local elections in Wyoming and Utah.
The National Women Suffrage Society was formed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony in response to
the need to get more women enrolled in college after the Civil War.
demands by African American women in the South to win the right to vote.
Congress not including the word "gender" in the Fifteenth Amendment.
lack of interest in woman suffrage after the Civil War.
Susan B. Anthony demonstrated the New Departure theory when she
petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court to declare the Fourteenth Amendment unconstitutional.
declared that women had the right to petition Congress for an equal rights amendment.
enrolled in classes at Harvard University and earned her doctoral degree.
convinced election officials in Rochester, New York, to allow her vote.
How were elite white southern women affected by Reconstruction?
To counteract the freedmen's vote, southern legislators gave elite white women the right to vote.
For the first time, elite white southern women had to cook and launder for their own households.
Elite white southern women advertised for and hired Irish servants to replace slave labor.
Elite white southern women worked to end sharecropping to be able to hire black women as servants.
What was the danger that African American men faced in the reconstructed South for the slightest suspicion of disrespect to a white woman?
Arrest and a lengthy trial
Heavy fines
Lynching by a mob
Deportation to the North
Ida B. Wells was significant because she
campaigned to stop lynching.
criticized Radical Reconstruction in the South.
wrote articles exposing the folly of sharecropping.
organized unions for black women workers.
Which of the following describes the progress of Reconstruction in the South between 1865 and 1900?
After southern white resistance was broken down by military occupation, African Americans gradually won the right to vote in local elections.
After the U.S. Army withdrew from the defeated southern states, white-dominated legislatures reestablished white supremacy and instituted segregation.
The reign of the Ku Klux Klan was only temporary because its excesses were condemned by southern legislatures, most of which had accepted African American suffrage by 1900.
After the defeat of the Democratic Party by mixed-race coalitions in the 1870s and 1880s, the Republican Party emerged as the dominant southern party by 1900.
How did the sewing machine affect women's labor in the textile industry?
Because they had attended training classes, women who operated sewing machines were considered skilled labor.
Women who operated sewing machines were paid hourly and at higher wages than women running power looms.
Clothing manufacturing was divided into discrete tasks, and a single worker no longer made an entire piece of clothing.
Sewing machine operators had steadier work and shorter hours than other women in the textile industries.
What was justified by the "family wage" concept of the late nineteenth century?
Paying men higher wages while paying women significantly less
Hiring children in textile mills to help immigrants support their families
Allowing parents and children to work in the same area in factories
The "sweating" system, which kept mothers at home to tend to their children
What was Harriot Stanton Blatch encouraging women to do when she advocated "voluntary motherhood"?
Hire nurses to watch their children so they would have more free time
Adopt working-class children to give them a better life
Choose when and how often to become pregnant
Use the new birth control devices developed in Holland
What did the endorsement of woman suffrage by the WCTU convince Susan B. Anthony to do?
Form one national organization of all women's groups that supported suffrage
Disband the NWSA and join the WCTU
Follow the model of the WCTU and allow African American women to join the NWSA
Make prohibition part of the NWSA's political platform
The image of the "New Woman" emphasized "women's work," a term that meant women
were best suited to consume goods, while men produced goods
should be exclusively dedicated to motherhood.
should participate in paid labor or public service.
should be paid less than men for their less demanding jobs.
Read the following historic image and then choose the statement that best applies.
The artist portrays the man in this image as “unmanned” or effeminate because he is portrayed as the typewriter, an office tool that was associated with women.
The artist supports the idea of professional women.
Female suffragettes would approve of the message in this political cartoon.
From the signature on this historical image we know the artist was “Gibson” who was famous for his “Gibson Girl” images.
A shocking revelation in this historical image is that the opposing counsel in the case is a woman.
This document is a private document.
The artist of this political cartoon is demonstrating how professional women will positively change society.
The New Woman in this image is idealized and portrayed as attractive.
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