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HPS202 quiz Deakin uni

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HPS202 exam revision

Pregunta 1 de 200

1

Which of the following best describes DNA?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and contains all of the genetic information required for features of our bodies

  • DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, and sends messages to our brain about how to control our bodily movements

  • DNA is an inherited script, based upon our environmental interactions early on in life

  • DNA is something that we all carry, but only utilise it in conscious situations

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 200

1

If a father's sperm contains an X chromosome, when paired with a mother's egg, the resulting child:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Will not have its sex determined until after 8 weeks gestation

  • Will be male

  • Will inherit both male and female characteristics

  • Will be female

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 200

1

To be expressed, a dominant gene:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Must have its pair in order to be expressed

  • Will be expressed regardless if a recessive gene is present

  • Will not be expressed if a recessive gene is present

  • Is expressed in combination with the recessive gene

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 200

1

If blue eye color is a recessive gene, then in order for a person to have a phenotype of blue eyes:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Two blue eye genes must be present

  • As long as one blue eye gene is present, the trait will be expressed in the phenotype

  • Blue eye color is expressed randomly, there is no genetic pattern

  • Blue eye recessive genes will dominate over dominant genes of, for example, brown eyes

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 200

1

A gene showing co-dominance:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Has one allele that is dominant to the other

  • Has two alleles that are equal in dominance

  • Has alleles linked tightly on the same chromosome

  • Has alleles which are recessive to each other

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 200

1

Identify the differences between a genotype and phenotype:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A genotype is the genes carried by a person; the phenotype is the observable expression of the genes

  • A phenotype is the genes carried by a person; the genotype is the observable expression of the genes

  • A genotype carries all of the genes from your mother; A phenotype carries all of the genes from your father

  • A genotype is the observable expression of the genes; A phenotype is all of the alleles that you carry

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 200

1

Place the three phases of prenatal development in the correct procedural order:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Germinal, foetal, embryonic

  • Germinal, embryonic, foetal

  • Embryonic, germinal, foetal

  • Embryonic, foetal, germinal

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 200

1

Which of the following correctly matches the layers of the embryonic disc with the structures that they form, with ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm respectively?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the nervous system, skin and hair; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands

  • the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the nervous system, skin and hair

  • muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; the nervous system, skin and hair

  • the nervous system, skin and hair; the digestive system, lungs, urinary tract and glands; muscles, bones, circulatory system and other internal organs

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 200

1

Which of the following occur during the embryonic period?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All basic organs of the body are formed, and the embryo begins to respond to direct stimulation

  • Organs take on their final form and begin to function

  • An inner membrane, called the amnion, forms a watertight sac with amniotic fluid to protect the developing organism

  • Implantation

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 200

1

During which trimester does the foetus begin to move and kick, as well as develop the sucking and swallowing complexes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • Within two weeks of birth

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 200

1

During which trimester does the foetus respond reflexively to touch on the face?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • Between trimester 2 and 3

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 200

1

During which trimester does the brain indicate periods of sleep and wakefulness?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Trimester 1

  • Trimester 2

  • Trimester 3

  • From implantation

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding teratogens?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A teratogen is an agent which can cause birth defects

  • A teratogen causes speedier and healthier development

  • Some common teratogens include alcohol, tobacco, some STIs, illicit and prescribed drugs

  • Teratogens are usually something in the environment that the mother is exposed to during pregnancy

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 200

1

Which of the following is an example of how environmental influences can impact on our genetics?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A child grows to be very tall, like his mother and father

  • A boy learns to play the guitar from his father

  • A neglected child still creates meaningful attachments later in life

  • A neglected and malnourished child does not grow to be very tall, despite having tall parents

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 200

1

The frontal lobe of the brain is the last to develop, and often does not reach maturity until early adulthood. Which of the following are functions of the frontal lobes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Reasoning, decision making, and executive functioning

  • Imagining, memory, and risk taking

  • Taste, touch, smell, hearing and sight

  • Emotional reactions to fear-inducing stimuli

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Trust V Mistrust'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs from birth-18 moths; a key event during this period is exploration. To resolve this crisis, the child must be able to safely explore and engage with their environment.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years old; a key event during this period is feeding. Trust is developed when caregivers consistently meet the child's needs.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years; a key event during this period is exploration. To resolve this crisis, the child must be able to safely explore and engage with their environment.

  • Occurs from birth-18 months; a key event during this period is feeding. Trust is developed when caregivers consistently meet the child's needs.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Autonomy V Shame and Doubt'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs at 2-3 years of age; a key event during this period is toilet training. Autonomy is achieved when children can develop a sense of personal control over physical skills.

  • Occurs at 6-11 years of age; a key event during this period is feeding. To achieve autonomy, the child must be able to source their own food and necessary supplies.

  • Occurs at birth-18 months; a key event during this period is toilet training. Autonomy is achieved when children can develop a sense of personal control over physical skills.

  • Occurs at 6-11 years of age; a key event during this period is friendships. To achieve autonomy, a child must be able to make friendships without parental assistance.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Intiative V Guilt'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is exploration. Children need to establish power and control over their environment, leading them to a sense of purpose.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is pre-school. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is school. Children need to cope with new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 2-3 years; a key event during this period is exploration. Children need to establish power and control over their environment, leading them to a sense of purpose.

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Industry V Inferiority'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is schooling. Industry is achieved when the child is able to cope with the new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is schooling. Industry is achieved when the child is able to cope with the new social and academic demands.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success is achieved when children feel valued and useful within their friendship groups.

  • Occurs from 3-5 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success is achieved when children feel valued and useful within their friendship groups.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Identity V Role Confusion'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success in this stage leads to a formed ability to develop a sense of self and stay to true to oneself.

  • Occurs from 6-11 years; a key event during this period is social relationships. Success in this stage leads to a formed ability to develop a sense of self and stay to true to oneself.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is intimate relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when individuals are able to develop an identity in combination with their partner.

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is intimate relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when individuals are able to develop an identity in combination with their partner.

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Erikson's psychosocial stage 'Intimacy V Isolation'?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual can form intimate, loving relationships with others.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual can form intimate, loving relationships with others.

  • Occurs from 19-40 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Success in this stage is achieved when the individual is able to interact with people in passing.

  • Occurs from 12-18 years; a key event during this period is relationships. Intimacy is achieved when the individual engages in sexual activity.

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes the most sophisticated self-theory seen during late adolescence?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • "I am a boy, I am five, and I like playing sport"

  • "I am a feminist, I am creative, and I support the Labor party"

  • "I am a feminist, I am creative, and I support the Labor party. I am happy and extroverted with friends, but sad and quiet at home"

  • "I am a female, and I am usually happy, and I am in high school"

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity diffusion?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • I haven't really thought about who I am, or who I am going to be yet.

  • My parents are Catholic, so I am going to be Catholic.

  • I have considered many religions, including Catholicism, which I was raised as. I have decided to convert to Buddhism.

  • I was brought up being taught how to run the family farm, but I am considering other career options currently.

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity foreclosure?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • My parents were doctors, so I will be too.

  • I have not thought about who I am, or what I want to be.

  • I believe I want to be a doctor, I am just making my final decisions about it now.

  • My parents were doctors, but I am looking into being a vet.

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity moratorium?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • I have been brought up Christian, but am currently looking into Catholicism.

  • My parents were Christian, therefore I will be too.

  • I haven't given any thought as to who I am or who I want to be.

  • I have considered many options, and have decided to practice Buddhism.

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 200

1

Which of the following statements accurately describes identity achievement?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • I have considered many different career options, and I have decided that I am going to be a doctor.

  • My parents were doctors so I am going to be a doctor also.

  • Because my parents were doctors and unhappy, I am going to do something other than be a doctor.

  • My parents were doctors, but I am looking into some career options of my own.

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 200

1

Which of the following do NOT have a major influence on identify formation?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cognitive development and scholastic opportunities

  • Parental relationships and influence

  • Sociocultural influences

  • Emotional regulation

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 200

1

At what age does gender constancy occur?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 5-7 years

  • 2-4 years

  • 3-5 years

  • 6-8 years

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 200

1

At what age does gender-typed behaviour begin?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 2 years

  • 3 years

  • 5 years

  • 12 years

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 200

1

During which period are racial and prejudicial attitudes influenced by parents most strongly?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • At 3 years

  • At 7 years

  • Adolescence

  • Adulthood

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 200

1

The child may be engaged in seemingly random movements, with no clear objective. This best describes which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Unoccupied play

  • Solitary play

  • Onlooker play

  • Multi-dimension play

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 200

1

The child plays alone with different toys or other objects, and with no direct or indirect awareness of or involvement with other children, even if nearby. This best describes which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Solitary play

  • Onlooker play

  • Unoccupied play

  • Only-child play

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 200

1

The child watches others play without actually entering into the activities. The child is clearly involved with what is happening, and is usually within speaking distance of the participants. This best describes which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Onlooker play

  • Solitary play

  • Unoccupied play

  • Excluded play

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 200

1

Involves two or more children playing side-by-side in close proximity and with an awareness of each other's presence, often with the same toy or enjoying similar activity, but do not share toys, talk, or interact except in very minimal ways. This best describes which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Parallel play

  • Associative play

  • Cooperative play

  • Solitary play

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 200

1

Children engage in a common activity and talk about it with each other, but do not assign tasks or roles to particular individuals and are not very clear about common goals. This describes best which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Onlooker play

  • Parallel play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 200

1

Children consciously form into groups to make something, attain a goal, or dramatise a situation. One or two members organise and direct the activity with children assuming different roles and responsibilities. Which type of play does this most accurately describe?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Group play

  • Parallel play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 200

1

Identify the categories of Grussec and Lytton's play typology:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Functional, constructive, pretend, and games with rules

  • Onlooker, parallel, associative, and cooperative play

  • Solitary, onlooker, parallel, and cooperative

  • Functional, fine motor, pretend, and gross motor

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 200

1

What emotions are present from birth?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Interest, disgust, and contentment

  • Disgust, contentment, and discomfort

  • Anger, sadness, and joy

  • Surprise, joy, and anger

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 200

1

What emotions appear in the 2-7 month period in infants?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Anger, sadness, joy, and surprise

  • Interest, disgust, and contentment

  • Embarassment, shame, and guilt

  • Envy, pride, and happiness

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 200

1

Self-conscious emotions (including embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, and pride), are called so because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Each involves some damage or enhancement to our sense of self

  • Each is detrimental to our sense of self

  • Each improves our sense of self

  • Each requires self-recognition and an understanding of rules or standards for evaluating one's conduct

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 200

1

Self-evaluative emotions, including shame, guilt and pride, are called so because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They either enhance or are detrimental to our sense of self

  • They are detrimental to our sense of self

  • They enhance our sense of self

  • They require self-recognition and an understanding of rules or standards for evaluating one's conduct

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 200

1

Regarding emotional display rules, which of the following is FALSE:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Emotional display rules vary across cultures

  • Every culture has similar or the same emotional display rules

  • A child who feigns pleasure at a displeasing present has mastered Westernised emotional display rules

  • At age 3, children can begin to disguise, suppress, and replace emotions

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 200

1

Social referencing beings to occur at 7-10 months. This refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Using others' emotional expressions to infer the meaning of otherwise ambiguous situations

  • If other people are happy, the infant will display this emotion also

  • Infants learn facial expressions and emotions from others, and put these into use at a later date

  • Children learn emotional display rules from social referencing

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 200

1

The 3 components of emotional competence include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Competent emotional expressivity, competent emotional regulation, and competent emotional knowledge

  • Competent in being quiet and still, competent behavioural skills, and competent communication of emotions

  • Competent emotional expressivity, competent in raising the moods of others, and competent social referencing

  • Competent in maintaining positive moods, competent communication skills, and competent emotional knowledge

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 200

1

There are six dimensions to temperaments. Identify which of the following is NOT one of these core dimensions:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Fearful distress

  • Irritable distress

  • Positive affect

  • Activity level

  • Attention span/persistence

  • Rhythmicity

  • Desire for social engagement

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 200

1

Thomas and Chess' notion of 'goodness of fit' refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Development being optimised when parents' child rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child's temperamental characteristics

  • Development being delayed when parents' child rearing practices are sensitively adapted to the child's temperamental characteristics

  • Development being optimised when parents' child rearing practices are standardised regardless of temperament

  • Development is delayed if parents do not adjust their lives properly around their children

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 200

1

Identify the correct order in which the phases of attachment occur:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Social phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, the specific attachment phase, and the phase of multiple attachments

  • The phase of indiscriminate attachments, the specific attachment phase, the phase of multiple attachments, and the social phase

  • Social phase, the specific attachment phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, and the phase of multiple attachments

  • The phase of multiple attachments, the specific attachment phase, the phase of indiscriminate attachments, and the social phase,

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 200

1

"To love you, I must know you will always be there". This statement refers most closely to which of the following theories of attachment?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Psychoanalytic theory

  • Learning theory

  • Cognitive developmental theory

  • Ethological theory

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 200

1

Stranger anxiety occurs at _____, and is _______________:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 7-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is approached by an unfamiliar person

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is approached by an unfamiliar person

  • 7-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infant is separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 200

1

Separation anxiety occurs at _____, and is ____________:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 6-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from the person(s) to whom they are securely attached

  • 6-9 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are approached by a stranger

  • 9-18 months; a wary or fretful reaction when infants are separated from their home environment

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 200

1

Four types of attachment types have been proposed. These include __________,__________, __________, and __________. The most common type of attachment is __________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganised; secure

  • Secure, resistant, avoidant, and disorganised; disorganised

  • Secure, wary, infactuated, and disorganised; secure

  • Secure, wary, infactuated, and disorganised; infactuated

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 200

1

A child who has a secure attachment has most likely experienced:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Positive attitudes from parents, and parents are sensitive to infant's needs

  • Mostly positive attitudes from parents, but the parents often have bursts of anger

  • Parents are inflexible in their schedules, only providing care for the child at specific times

  • Positive attitudes from strangers, and strangers are sensitive to infant's needs

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 200

1

A child who has a positive model of themselves, but a negative model of others (according to the 'working models' theory), most likely has which attachment type:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Disorganised attachment

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 200

1

A child has only ever known their family dog-a small chihuahua. Upon seeing a large Labrador, his mother explains that this is also a dog. The child therefore adds this image to his existing schema of dogs. This is a process best known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Assimilation

  • Accommodation

  • Maturation

  • Reflexive learning

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 200

1

Identify the correct ordering of the 6 substages of Piaget's sensorimotor period:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, coordination of secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular motions, and beginnings of thought.

  • Simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, coordination of secondary reactions, and beginnings of thought.

  • Beginnings of thought, simple reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, and coordination of secondary reactions.

  • Beginnings of thought, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, tertiary circular reactions, coordination of secondary reactions, and simple reflexes.

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of children's thinking during Piaget's preoperational stage?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Centration

  • Lack of knowledge regarding conservation

  • Egocentrism

  • Object permanence

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 200

1

The concrete operational stage refers to the ability to solve problems regarding:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Tangible objects

  • Abstract problems

  • Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

  • Theorising cause and effect

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT something a child learns to do in the formal operational stage:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Solve abstract problems

  • Use hypothetical-deductive reasoning

  • Apply logic to situations

  • Understand knowledge of conservation

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 200

1

When a child is aggressive, but their main goal is to gain access to objects, space, or privileges, this aggression is best described as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Immature aggression

  • Hostile aggression

  • Instrumental aggression

  • Relational aggression

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 200

1

The stages of the social information-processing theory of aggression are: encode, interpret, ________, generate possible strategies, __________, and ___________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Formulate a goal; evaluate which strategy to employ; enact response

  • Evaluate which strategy to employ; enact response, evaluate enacted strategy

  • Formulate a goal; enact first response; enact scond response

  • Evaluate which strategy to employ; enact first response; enact scond response

Explicación

Pregunta 61 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT shown to be common in the nature of bullies:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • May have been bullied themselves

  • Have high self esteem

  • Have low self esteem

  • View aggression positively

Explicación

Pregunta 62 de 200

1

Which one of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of moral development?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Pre-moral

  • Heternomous

  • Autonomous

  • Socially-defined

Explicación

Pregunta 63 de 200

1

If someone said that they would cheat if they knew that they would not get caught, then they would be considered to be in the ________ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Preconventional; 1

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Postconventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

Explicación

Pregunta 64 de 200

1

If an individual said that they would let you copy their homework, if they could also copy yours from another subject, then this individual would be placed in the ____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

  • Preconventional; 1

Explicación

Pregunta 65 de 200

1

If an individual decided not to do something to someone, because they want to be liked by them, then this individual would be considered to be in the _____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

  • Pre-conventional; 2

  • Post-conventional; 5

Explicación

Pregunta 66 de 200

1

If a child says "you can't do that, because the teacher said not to!", you can assume that they are in the ____ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Conventional; 4

  • Conventional; 3

  • Preconventional; 2

  • Postconventional; 5

Explicación

Pregunta 67 de 200

1

In Kohlberg's scenario of the man stealing the medicine for his wife because he couldn't afford it, if an individual stated that this may have been a case where the rule needed breaking, you could assume that they are in ______ level of morality, and in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Post-conventional; 5

  • Post-conventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

  • Conventional; 4

Explicación

Pregunta 68 de 200

1

If an individual is acting consistently in such a way that they believe is right, regardless of punishment, or laws, this person is probably in the ______ level of morality, in stage __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Post-conventional; 6

  • Conventional; 3

  • Post-conventional; 5

  • Conventional; 4

Explicación

Pregunta 69 de 200

1

The basic units of sound refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Phonemes

  • Morphemes

  • Semantics

  • Pragmatics

Explicación

Pregunta 70 de 200

1

The word 'elephant' is an example of a ____ morpheme, whereas '-s' is an example of a _____ morpheme.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Free; bound

  • Bound; free

  • Pragmatic; semantic

  • Semantic; pragmatic

Explicación

Pregunta 71 de 200

1

Rules that specify how words are to be combined to form meaningful phrases and sentences refers to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Syntax

  • Semantics

  • Pragmatics

  • Morphology

Explicación

Pregunta 72 de 200

1

The suggestion that language is learned by imitation (of adults) and reinforcement, is most strongly correlated with the _______________ theory of language development.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Learning/empiricist

  • Nativist

  • Interactionist

  • Cognitive

Explicación

Pregunta 73 de 200

1

At what ages does 'cooing' begin (e.g. 'ooh' and 'aaah')?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 2 months

  • 4-6 months

  • From birth

  • 7 months

Explicación

Pregunta 74 de 200

1

At what age does babbling (consonants added to speech, although words do not convey meaning) occur?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 4-6 months

  • 2 months

  • 10-12 months

  • 8 months

Explicación

Pregunta 75 de 200

1

At what age do infants begin to reserve certain sounds for certain situations (for example, 'mm' when making requests, thus indicating knowledge of meaning)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 2 months

  • 4-6 months

  • 6-8 months

  • 10-12 months

Explicación

Pregunta 76 de 200

1

At what age do gestures and non-verbal responses tend to begin?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 7 months

  • 4-6 months

  • 10-12 months

  • 8-10 months

Explicación

Pregunta 77 de 200

1

Pointing at something to draw attention to it is an example of a(n) ________ gesture, whereas by tugging on a caregiver's leg, indicating that they want to be picked up, is a(n) ________ gesture.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Declarative; imperative

  • Imperative; declarative

  • Indicative; meaningful

  • Meaningful; indicative

Explicación

Pregunta 78 de 200

1

Using one word to represent a sentence (e.g. 'ball', to represent 'I want the ball'), is an example of a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Holophrase

  • Monophrase

  • Telegraphic phrase

  • Immature sentence

Explicación

Pregunta 79 de 200

1

Comprehension via the process of fast-mapping occurs at ______, but is not expressive until ______.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 13-15 months; 24-30 months

  • 15-18 months; 18-24 months

  • 12-14 months; 18-24 months

  • 12-24 months; 24-36 months

Explicación

Pregunta 80 de 200

1

When a child speaks using only critical words to a sentence, for example, 'kitty go, ' this is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Holophrases

  • Telegraphic speech

  • Dual phrases

  • Pragmatic speech

Explicación

Pregunta 81 de 200

1

When a child says 'I runned' instead of 'I ran', this is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Speech error

  • Overregulation

  • Pragmatic development

  • Motherese

Explicación

Pregunta 82 de 200

1

At what age can children understand illocutionary intent (underlying meaning)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 3 years

  • 1 year

  • 2 years

  • 4 years

Explicación

Pregunta 83 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT part of criteria A for ASD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Persistent deficits in social communication and social interactions across multiple contexts

  • Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviours used for social interaction

  • Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

  • Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities

Explicación

Pregunta 84 de 200

1

Which of the following are NOT part of criteria B for ASD? Restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interest, or activities over at least two of the following:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements

  • Use of objects or speech

  • Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus

  • Insistence on different routines every day

Explicación

Pregunta 85 de 200

1

In higher functioning individuals with ASD, what is the male:female ratio of prevalence?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 4:1

  • 9:1

  • !:1

  • 4:2

Explicación

Pregunta 86 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a proposed causal factor of ASD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Weaker central coherence

  • Extreme male brain

  • Extreme female brain

  • Executive functioning disabilities

Explicación

Pregunta 87 de 200

1

Under the DSM-V criteria, the prevalence for ADHD is said to be __. The concordance rate between monozygotic twins is up to __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 8%; 80%

  • 80%; 8%

  • 18%; 80%

  • 80%; 18%

Explicación

Pregunta 88 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT an explanation used to explain why ASD is less prevalent in females?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Females may have innately better social skills

  • Diagnoses may not recognize female manifestations of ASD

  • Females may have a larger innate desire to socialise

  • Females possess the Y chromosome, thus exposing them less to the disorder

Explicación

Pregunta 89 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a presentation of ADHD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation

  • ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation

  • ADHD combined presentation

  • ADHD attention-deficit presentation

Explicación

Pregunta 90 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT required for a diagnosis of ADHD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • If the individual is <17, 6 diagnostic criteria must be present

  • If the individual is >17, 5 diagnostic criteria must be present

  • Symptoms must be present before 12 years of age

  • The individual must have a co-existing psychotic disorder

Explicación

Pregunta 91 de 200

1

There is no evidence to suggest that ADHD is a brain-based dysfunction

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 92 de 200

1

Which of the following is the most effective treatment for ADHD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stimulants such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Amphetamines

  • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

  • Cognitive Behaviour Therapy in combination with stimulants such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, and Amphetamines

  • This disorder resolves with age and maturity

Explicación

Pregunta 93 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a risk factor for Schizophrenia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Prenatal stressors

  • Drug use/abuse

  • Obstetric complications

  • Living within a functional family environment

Explicación

Pregunta 94 de 200

1

The average age of onset for Schizophrenia is __ in men, and __ in women.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 18; 25

  • 25; 18

  • 18; 18

  • 18; 22

Explicación

Pregunta 95 de 200

1

Schizophrenia tends to affect ___ more predominantly, with a(n) ______ onset, and generally more severe symptoms

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Men; earlier

  • Men; later

  • Females; earlier

  • Females; later

Explicación

Pregunta 96 de 200

1

(RE Schizophrenia) In 10 years post-diagnosis, ___ of patients completely recover, and ___ are much improved

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 25%; 25%

  • 25%; 50%

  • 50%; 25%

  • One in 3 individuals diagnosed

Explicación

Pregunta 97 de 200

1

Violence towards others is a symptom of Schizophrenia

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 98 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT part of the neurobiological explanation for schizophrenia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Imbalances of dopamine and glutamate exist

  • Ventricles in the brain are larger

  • There tends to be less grey matter in the brain

  • There tends to be more white matter in the brain

Explicación

Pregunta 99 de 200

1

Which of the following is a negative symptom of Schizophrenia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hallucinations

  • Delusions

  • Flat affect

  • Movement disorders

Explicación

Pregunta 100 de 200

1

Eating disorders affect approximately __ of the Australian population

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 9%

  • 15%

  • 11%

  • 21%

Explicación

Pregunta 101 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a long-term consequence of eating disorders?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Social isoloation

  • Increased social support

  • Medical complications

  • Psychological illness

Explicación

Pregunta 102 de 200

1

Which of the following distinguishes Bulimia from Binge-Eating disorder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Bulimia does not involve compensatory behaviours for binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does

  • Bulimia involves compensatory behaviours for binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does not

  • Bulimia does not involve binge eating, whereas binge-eating disorder does

  • Bulimia compensatory behaviours include only exercise, whereas binge-eating disorder compensatory behaviours include laxative and enema abuse.

Explicación

Pregunta 103 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing an eating disorder?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Having diabetes

  • Having an obsession with food and dieting

  • Going to a public high school

  • Living in Westernised cultures

Explicación

Pregunta 104 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of the proximodistal principle?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Controlling your hand before your arm

  • Controlling your fingers before your hand

  • Controlling your foot before your toes

  • Controlling your toes before your foot

Explicación

Pregunta 105 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of the cephalocaudal principle?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Controlling your torso before your legs

  • Controlling your legs before your torso

  • Controlling your legs before your arms

  • Controlling your feet before your hands

Explicación

Pregunta 106 de 200

1

At what age are children considered to be at the 'schematic' stage of drawing?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 6 years

  • 5 years

  • 4 years

  • 8 years

Explicación

Pregunta 107 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a proposed effect of sport in child development?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Poorer academic grades

  • Improved heart and lung function

  • Lower obesity rates

  • Improved sleep

Explicación

Pregunta 108 de 200

1

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dyspraxia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Delayed milestones

  • Deficits in memory

  • Deficits in attention

  • Facial abnormalities

Explicación

Pregunta 109 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a suggested treatment for dyspraxia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Providing scaffolding and practice for the child

  • Adapting the environment to the child's needs

  • Engaging specific training

  • Routing the child to achieve milestones earlier than their peers

Explicación

Pregunta 110 de 200

1

Which of the following are NOT factors that may impair motor development?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Muscle tone and strength

  • Motor planning

  • Sensory processing

  • Emotional regulation

Explicación

Pregunta 111 de 200

1

Which of the following is not an example of a teratogen in pregnant women?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Blood disorders

  • Temperature

  • Diet

  • Personality

Explicación

Pregunta 112 de 200

1

DNA is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The information coded in genes that is then copied onto Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

  • Comprised of Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

  • The biological structure underpinning every human attribute and trait

  • The unchangeable, static biological blueprint we all possess

Explicación

Pregunta 113 de 200

1

When we inherit characteristics from our parents, the form of genetic transmission is via:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Dominant alleles and recessive alleles

  • Dominant alleles, but not recessive alleles

  • Co-dominant alleles

  • Dominant, recessive and co-dominant alleles

Explicación

Pregunta 114 de 200

1

If I have two blue-eyed parents and I have brown eyes, I can say that my brown eyes are:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An indication that I was probably adopted

  • A phenotypic manifestation of my genotype

  • A genotypic manifestation of my phenotype

  • Unrelated to my genetic inheritance

Explicación

Pregunta 115 de 200

1

Organogenesis occurs during the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Foetal gestational period

  • Germinal period

  • Embryonic period

  • Foetal period

Explicación

Pregunta 116 de 200

1

A synapse is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A connection between neurons

  • Empty spaces between neurons

  • The fatty sheath covering neurons

  • The last part of the brain to develop

Explicación

Pregunta 117 de 200

1

During brain development in adolescence:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The neurons are stripped of their myelin to facilitate quicker transmission between neurons

  • The brain has already reached full maturity and only changes when we learn skills

  • Synapses are pruned and myelin developed

  • More synapses are created rapidly to deal with larger amounts of information processing

Explicación

Pregunta 118 de 200

1

Bones and other internal organs develop from

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The introderm

  • The ectoderm

  • The endoderm

  • The mesoderm

Explicación

Pregunta 119 de 200

1

Children’s tendency to associate with same-sex playmates and to think of the other sex as an out-group is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Gender segregation

  • Gender differentiation

  • Gender separation

  • Gender avoidment

Explicación

Pregunta 120 de 200

1

Which of the following is true of Stereotypes?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They are widely shared knowledge structures that are learnt through socialization

  • They are always based on facts

  • They are distinct cognitive structures

  • They are widely shared knowledge structures that are learnt through socialization, AND They are distinct cognitive structures

Explicación

Pregunta 121 de 200

1

Children involved in a game of ‘tag’ are demonstrating which type of play?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Solitary play

  • Parallel play

  • Onlooker play

  • Cooperative play

Explicación

Pregunta 122 de 200

1

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages of development, children aged 6-11 years are typically dealing with which basic conflict?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • initiative versus guilt

  • initiative versus industry

  • industry versus inferiority

  • industry versus guilt

Explicación

Pregunta 123 de 200

1

Children generally demonstrate self recognition using the rouge test at approximately

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 18-24 months of age

  • 15-17 months of age

  • 12-15 months of age

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 124 de 200

1

Which of the following have been identified as attachment-related fears in infancy:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Stranger anxiety

  • Separation Anxiety

  • Separation Anxiety AND Stranger anxiety

  • Imprinting

Explicación

Pregunta 125 de 200

1

Infants who construct a positive working model of both themselves and their caregivers can be expected to develop which type of attachment style to their caregiver:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Explicación

Pregunta 126 de 200

1

An infant who shows little distress when their mother leaves the room and seems to ignore her upon her return is likely to have which type of attachment:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Secure attachment

  • Resistant attachment

  • Avoidant attachment

  • Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Explicación

Pregunta 127 de 200

1

The notion that the type of attachment that an infant develops with a caregiver depends primarily on the kind of caregiving the child received from that person is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The Attachment hypothesis

  • The Caregiving hypothesis

  • The Emotional support hypothesis

  • None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 128 de 200

1

A child whose behaviour is somewhat inactive and somewhat moody, and is slow to adapt to new persons and situations could be described as having which type of temperament?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Easy temperament

  • Difficult temperament

  • Slow-to-warm up temperament

  • Insecure temperament

Explicación

Pregunta 129 de 200

1

Social learning approaches to aggression contend that aggression is based on:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Observation and learning

  • Genetic pre-disposition

  • Neurological maturation

  • All answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 130 de 200

1

Which of the following statements best summarises Dodge’s social information-processing theory of aggression?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Aggressive behaviour is the result of inferring hostile intent in others and reacting angrily.

  • Aggressive behaviour is the result of receiving a (often inadvertent) reward for aggression.

  • Aggressive behaviour depends on the social information provided to the child by the primary caregiver.

  • Aggression develops as a result of biological and cognitive maturation.

Explicación

Pregunta 131 de 200

1

Boys are more physically and verbally aggressive on average than girls. This is most likely due to:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Higher testosterone levels in boys.

  • Parents react more negatively to aggressive behaviours from girls than boys.

  • Parents play rougher with boys than girls.

  • All answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 132 de 200

1

Maggie is supervising a play date between her daughter, Isla, and Isla’s friend Lily when she sees Isla kick Lily in an effort to avoid sharing the puzzle she is working on. Lily starts to cry. If Maggie wishes to foster compassion and altruism in Isla, the most appropriate response to Isla’s behaviour would be

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • To walk away from the situation to avoid inadvertently rewarding Isla for her aggressive behaviour.

  • To smack Isla on the bottom immediately, so that Isla makes the connection between her aggressive actions, and the punitive consequence.

  • To immediately yell at Isla and remove her from the situation.

  • To explain to Isla the harm and distress she has caused to Lily

Explicación

Pregunta 133 de 200

1

You are administering Piaget’s moral-decisions exercise on Laurie. You read two stories to Laurie. In story A, Bob is trying to make a surprise breakfast in bed for his mum when he accidently knocks over four glasses, breaking them. In story B, while his mother isn’t looking, Jeff tries to steal a muffin from the kitchen bench when he knocks over one glass and breaks it. After the stories, you ask Laurie which child is naughtier, Bob or Jeff. Laurie says Jeff is the naughtier child because he was trying to do something naughty. How would you classify Laurie’s stage of moral development?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Premoral

  • Heteronomous morality

  • Autonomous morality

  • Social-order-maintaining morality

Explicación

Pregunta 134 de 200

1

Egocentrism may best be defined as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • A desire to play alone rather than with others

  • A lack of empathy

  • The realization that others have internal states such as emotions and desires

  • Thinking that is dominated by an infant’s own experiences, perceptions and position in space

Explicación

Pregunta 135 de 200

1

A child who picks up a stick and plays with it pretending it is a sword is demonstrating which of the following:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Symbolic representation

  • Achievement of Formal Operations

  • Engagement in cooperative play

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 136 de 200

1

When children answer incorrectly in Piaget’s classic Conservation Task experiments, what cognitive developmental characteristic are they proposed to have demonstrated?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Schemes

  • Centration

  • Concrete operations

  • Symbolic representations

Explicación

Pregunta 137 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of Concrete Operational Thought?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The ability to conserve across a wide range of conservation tasks

  • The ability to manipulate mental representations about the outside to solve problems

  • The ability to reason about immediate reality

  • The ability to reason about abstract possibilities

Explicación

Pregunta 138 de 200

1

The ability to create and test hypotheses through systematic observation is called:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

  • Hypothetico-inductive reasoning

  • Observation-based reasoning

  • Piagetian reasoning

Explicación

Pregunta 139 de 200

1

A child who utters the sentence “ Home Daddy come” has not yet mastered the rules of

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • syntax

  • pragmatics

  • semantics

  • morphology

Explicación

Pregunta 140 de 200

1

When a child says ' I runned home' they demonstrate

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Exposure to poor adult language models

  • Overregularlisation errors

  • Syntactic bootstrapping

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 141 de 200

1

According to the interactionist perspective, language development is influenced by

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Children’s cognitive development and modified language used by family members

  • An innate ‘learning activation device’ that is programmed to acquire language

  • Differential reinforcement from family as words are acquired and used

  • Appropriate exposure to language during a sensitive period of development

Explicación

Pregunta 142 de 200

1

What is the rate of prevalence of autism in boys compared to girls?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Boys are twice more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls

  • Boys are half as likely to be diagnosed with autism as girls

  • The prevalence is the same

  • Boys are 3-5 times more likely to be diagnosed with autism than girls

Explicación

Pregunta 143 de 200

1

Given recent revisions in the diagnostic criteria for ASD, it is expected that prevalence rates will likely

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • decrease because fewer children will be diagnosed

  • decrease because fewer children will develop ASD

  • remain stable because there have been no changes to diagnostic criteria

  • increase because practitioners are more aware of the condition

Explicación

Pregunta 144 de 200

1

What are the main symptoms of ADHD?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Inattention, recklessness and hyperactivity

  • Impulsivity and low concentration

  • Fidgeting, inattention and hyperactivity

  • Hyperactivity and inattention

Explicación

Pregunta 145 de 200

1

ADHD is thought to develop due to

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • poor diet

  • failure of carers to set appropriate expectations and boundaries

  • failure of carers to set appropriate expectations and boundaries AND poor diet

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 146 de 200

1

Children with ADHD respond best to treatments involving

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Sedatives and behavioural modification

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy and stimulants

  • A good smack

  • Behavioursal modification and stimulants

Explicación

Pregunta 147 de 200

1

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is primarily characterized by:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

  • A lack of appetite which leads to subsequent weight loss

  • Repetitive, constant exercise with a view to losing weight

  • Episodes of purging and laxative use with a view to losing weight

Explicación

Pregunta 148 de 200

1

Bulimia Nervosa is primarily characterized by

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • An intense fear of gaining weight and refusal to maintain a normal body weight

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of a lack of control over the binges followed by compensatory behaviour

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating and a sense of a lack of control over the binges

  • Repetitive, constant exercise with a view to losing weight

Explicación

Pregunta 149 de 200

1

Current estimates are that approximately

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 1% adolescent girls develop anorexia

  • Approximately 15% children with anorexia are male

  • 40% of those with anorexia are at risk of developing bulimia

  • 40% of those with anorexia are at risk of developing bulimia AND 1% adolescent girls develop anorexia

Explicación

Pregunta 150 de 200

1

People with schizophrenia are at high risk of

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • self harm

  • uncontrollable violence

  • domestic violence

  • having a split personality

Explicación

Pregunta 151 de 200

1

People with schizophrenia tend to have brains that

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • are larger than most people

  • have larger fluid-filled cavities in them than most people

  • have less white matter and more grey matter than most people

  • are more active than most people

Explicación

Pregunta 152 de 200

1

Which of the following statements about reflexes is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate neurological integrity.

  • While reflexes once held survival value to human infants, they are no longer relevant indicators of healthy development.

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate muscular integrity.

  • Reflexes are critical diagnostic indicators during infancy as they indicate social development.

Explicación

Pregunta 153 de 200

1

The impact of environment on motor development may best be summed up by saying:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Environment and practice are useful tools for the development of motor skills, but are not necessary.

  • Environmental factors can account for all the motor development observed in infants and children.

  • The environment is not a sufficient condition for the acquisition of motor skills but plays an important role in timing of skill acquisition.

  • Practice makes perfect – the more children practice motor skills, the faster they acquire them!

Explicación

Pregunta 154 de 200

1

Sophie is about to turn 4 years old. Assuming she is on a normal developmental trajectory, what motor skills would her parents expect her to develop in the coming year?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Gross motor skills such as throwing and catching.

  • Fine motor skills such as cursive writing.

  • Fine motor skills such as drawing.

  • Fine motor skills such as drawing AND Gross motor skills such as throwing and catching.

Explicación

Pregunta 155 de 200

1

Three - four year old children around the world typically draw people as ‘tadpole figures’ with a large head and no body. It is not until age 5 or 6 that most children draw human forms with a differentiated head and body. What is the most likely reason for this?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Because very young children are still developing the ability to interpret and understand sensory input.

  • Because older children have the ability to attend to a task for a longer period of time.

  • Because including a body with attached arms and legs requires fine motor skills which very young children are unlikely to possess.

  • Because including a body with attached arms and legs requires fine motor skills which very young children are unlikely to possess, AND Because very young children are still developing the ability to interpret and understand sensory input.

Explicación

Pregunta 156 de 200

1

According to the dynamic systems theory, a child’s motor skills are:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Genetically programmed responses that emerge as dictated by maturation.

  • Genetically programmed responses that emerge as dictated by maturation and opportunities to practice.

  • Increasingly complex systems of action that represents the most effective way of achieving some objective using the limited capabilities the child may have.

  • Are dependent on a dynamic vicarious learning relationship between the child and the primary caregiver

Explicación

Pregunta 157 de 200

1

Which of the following statements is true?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Chromosomes are made up of DNA

  • Genes are part of chromosomes

  • Genes are made up of DNA

  • All of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 158 de 200

1

With respect to hair colour, ____ is a genotype and ____ is a phenotype:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • AO, group A

  • The dominant allele of a gene, the recessive allele of a gene

  • Brunette hair, brunette hair gene

  • Brunette hair gene, brunette hair

Explicación

Pregunta 159 de 200

1

In blood groups, the A allele is dominant over the O allele. Therefore, if a father’s blood
type is AO, and a mother’s is OO, their child:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Will have blood group A

  • Will have blood group OO.

  • Has a 50/50 chance of having either blood group AO or OO.

  • Has a one in three chance of having each of blood groups A, AO or OO

Explicación

Pregunta 160 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a period within prenatal development?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Embryonic period

  • Placental period

  • Germinal period

  • Foetal period

Explicación

Pregunta 161 de 200

1

Myelination refers to the

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Gradual pruning of synapses

  • The ‘use it or lose it’ concept in neural development

  • The insulation of brain synapses

  • The insulation of mature brain cells

Explicación

Pregunta 162 de 200

1

Which of the following is not true of the development of emotional expressions:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Adults can identify both positive and negative emotions equally well

  • Adults find it easy to identify baby’s positive emotions from facial expressions

  • Babies communicate their feelings through their facial expressions

  • Emotional expressions become easier to identify as children get older

Explicación

Pregunta 163 de 200

1

Expression of self-evaluative emotions requires:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Self recognition

  • An understanding of the rules or standards for evaluating one’s conducts

  • An understanding of the rules or standards for evaluating one’s conducts AND self recognition

  • Acquisition of all five basic emotions

Explicación

Pregunta 164 de 200

1

Emotional display rules:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Are culturally defined

  • Emerge around 2 years of age

  • Are a set of emotions present at birth

  • Only apply to self-conscious emotions

Explicación

Pregunta 165 de 200

1

Activity level, irritability/negative emotionality, attention span, fearfulness and sociability
(or positive affect) have been identified as important components of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Emotional regulation

  • Temperament

  • Social referencing

  • Emotional competence

Explicación

Pregunta 166 de 200

1

‘Goodness of fit’ is the term used to describe:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The notion that a child’s development is likely to be optimized when a parent’s
    child rearing practices match the child’s temperament

  • A slow to warm up temperament, where a child may be slow to adapt to new
    people or situations

  • An easy temperament, where a child is easy going and typically in a positive
    mood

  • A tendency to withdraw from unfamiliar people or situations

Explicación

Pregunta 167 de 200

1

If a child displays tendencies to prefer same-sex activities over those typically linked with
the opposite sex, the child is displaying

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • gender identity

  • gender-role stereotypes

  • gender-typed patterns of behaviour

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 168 de 200

1

Which of the following is an example of identity diffusion:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • ‘I’ve not really thought much about my career, I don’t know exactly what I want
    to do’

  • ‘My parents are teachers and so I’ll be a teacher’

  • ‘I’m trying to decide if I should pursue a degree in law or psychology next year

  • 'I have finally found the right job for me’

Explicación

Pregunta 169 de 200

1

Which of the following is not one of the four factors thought to influence an adolescents
identity formation:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cognitive development

  • Schooling

  • Emotional development

  • Relationship with parents

Explicación

Pregunta 170 de 200

1

According to Parten’s play typology, a group of children engaging in a game of tag is an
example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Onlooker play

  • Cooperative play

  • Associative play

  • Parallel play

Explicación

Pregunta 171 de 200

1

Pursuant to Grusec and Lytton’s play typology, a child digging a hole in a sandpit is an
example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • pretend play

  • functional play

  • solitary play

  • unoccupied play

Explicación

Pregunta 172 de 200

1

Cognitive Development may best be defined as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The changes that take place in cognitive processes from birth until the beginning of
    adulthood

  • The changes that take place in cognitive processes over the lifespan

  • The changes in ways of thinking in a society over time

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 173 de 200

1

Which of the following is not one of the assumptions of Piaget’s theory of Cognitive
development:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • All stages are universal in that they describe the pattern of development in all
    children

  • The framework is domain-general

  • All children pass through the stages in the same order and no stage can be skipped

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 174 de 200

1

The process of incorporating a new experience into an existing scheme is known as:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Assimilation

  • Adaption

  • Preoperational thought

  • Accommodation

Explicación

Pregunta 175 de 200

1

During what age period does Object Permanence typically emerge in children?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Birth – 1 month

  • 1 – 4 months

  • 4 – 7 months

  • 8 – 12 months

Explicación

Pregunta 176 de 200

1

Children in the Preoperational Period of cognitive development would have difficulty
understanding

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Causality

  • The point of view of others

  • Object permanence

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 177 de 200

1

According to Dodge’s social information processing theory of aggression, after a child
encodes social cues, the next step they engage in is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • interpret the social cues

  • respond without adequate thought about the consequences.

  • formulate social goals

  • consider strategies to deal with the social situation.

Explicación

Pregunta 178 de 200

1

According to the social learning approach to aggression, children may behave aggressively
because:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • it is an inherent component of their personality

  • aggression acts as a release of stress hormone, cortisol.

  • of their environmental conditions.

  • of social frustration.

Explicación

Pregunta 179 de 200

1

Children’s aggression is likely to be exacerbated by parental conflict when:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • the child is exposed to the conflict on numerous occasions

  • the conflict is intensive and high stress.

  • parents withdraw and become emotionally unavailable.

  • all of the above are likely to exacerbate aggression.

Explicación

Pregunta 180 de 200

1

According to Piaget’s theory of moral development, a child who sees the rules of authority
figures as sacred and unalterable is likely to be in the:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • premoral period

  • ‘Good boy’ or ‘good girl’ orientation

  • social-order maintaining morality

  • heteronomous morality

Explicación

Pregunta 181 de 200

1

The Heinz dilemma is posed to a child who responds as follows:
‘Well, stealing is wrong, but you need to consider the whole situation. Heinz knows that
there is no legal grounds for him to steal the drug. But he’s in a very difficult situation and
anybody in that situation would think it was reasonable to steal the drug”
According to Kohlberg’s levels and stages, what is the most appropriate classification
of this response?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Level 3, post-conventional morality, stage 5.

  • Level 1, pre-conventional morality, stage 2

  • Level 2, conventional morality, stage 3.

  • Level 2, conventional morality, stage 4

Explicación

Pregunta 182 de 200

1

What are the main symptoms of autism?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Hyperactivity, and impaired social interaction

  • Low energy and impaired communication

  • Impaired social communication and interaction, and restricted interests

  • All answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 183 de 200

1

The recent revision of the DSM and consequent changes to the diagnostic criteria for
Autism spectrum disorders caused some problems including:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • increasing the sensitivity of the assessment so that individuals who may not
    previously have been diagnosed with ASD now may be.

  • improving the specificity but reducing the sensitivity of the assessment so higher
    functioning individuals may not receive the diagnosis.

  • limiting the applicability of the diagnosis to females.

  • limiting the cultural sensitivity of the assessment.

Explicación

Pregunta 184 de 200

1

The theory that attempts to explain autism in terms of an inability to understand another’s
knowledge and beliefs is

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The theory of mind

  • The theory of poor executive functioning

  • The weak central coherence hypothesis

  • The mirror neuron theory

Explicación

Pregunta 185 de 200

1

The three subtypes of ADHD are:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive.

  • early onset, late onset and mixed onset.

  • onset before 12 years, 12-16, or over 17 years old.

  • predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.

Explicación

Pregunta 186 de 200

1

Currently, the most effective form of treatment for ADHD is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • stimulants such as Ritalin

  • psychological treatments such as CBT

  • neuro-biological treatments such as ECT

  • stimulants such as Ritalin AND psychological treatments such as CBT

Explicación

Pregunta 187 de 200

1

Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Psychosis

  • Hallucations

  • Delusions

  • Reduced emotions

Explicación

Pregunta 188 de 200

1

Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Poverty of speech

  • Disorganized speech and thought

  • Hallucinations

  • Delusions

Explicación

Pregunta 189 de 200

1

In terms of the prevalence and onset of schizophrenia, which of the following statements is
true:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Schizophrenia tends to develop in early adulthood, with the average age of onset 18
    years old in men, and 25 years old in women.

  • Schizophrenia typically begins in childhood but is usually left undiagnosed until later
    in life.

  • On most occasions, schizophrenia emerges in middle adulthood, the average age of
    onset (for both sexes) is 42 years.

  • Schizophrenia tends to develop in early adulthood, with the average age of onset 18
    years old in women, and 25 years old in men.

Explicación

Pregunta 190 de 200

1

Current prevalence estimates of anorexia are that, at some point during the lifespan,

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Approximately 15% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 1% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 10% of women will experience the condition

  • Approximately 5% of women will experience the condition

Explicación

Pregunta 191 de 200

1

The most important/influential risk factor for developing an eating disorder is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Exposure to body-typed images in the media.

  • Genetics

  • Personality

  • A history of dieting

Explicación

Pregunta 192 de 200

1

Which of the following is not an example of a survival reflex that is present at birth?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Closing both eyes when a puff of air reaches the eye

  • Turning head towards touch and opening mouth when stroked on the cheek

  • The ‘pincer grasp’ to grip things placed in hand

  • Arching back and extending arms when a sudden loud sound is heard.

Explicación

Pregunta 193 de 200

1

Evidence on sex difference in infant motor development:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • suggests that boys tend to reach motor development milestones slightly earlier
    than girls.

  • suggests that Boys tend to excel at gross motor movement while girls excel at fine
    motor movement.

  • suggests that there is no difference in the development or use of motor skills by
    male and female infants

  • is inconsistent and inconclusive.

Explicación

Pregunta 194 de 200

1

Symptoms of dyspraxia include:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • significant delay in reaching motor milestones

  • problems concentrating

  • delays or ‘slowness’ of speech.

  • All answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 195 de 200

1

Twelve year old Carmen is determined to beat her personal best time for 50metres
freestyle in the swimming. This is an example of:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • achievement motivation.

  • sporting prowess

  • the benefits of sport

  • healthy competitiveness

Explicación

Pregunta 196 de 200

1

We would expect a child to walk unassisted at approximately

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 6 months old

  • 12 months old

  • 18 months old

  • 24 months old.

Explicación

Pregunta 197 de 200

1

The meaning of words and utterances is termed

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Semantics

  • Morphemes

  • Pragmatics

  • Syntax

Explicación

Pregunta 198 de 200

1

The smallest unit of meaning in a language is a ________.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Morpheme

  • Inflection

  • Letter

  • Phoneme

Explicación

Pregunta 199 de 200

1

Which theorist proposed the 'language acquisition device' (LAD)?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Lenneberg

  • Noam Chomsky

  • B.F Skinner

  • None of the answers provided

Explicación

Pregunta 200 de 200

1

Infants first use gestures as a form of communication at what age?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • 8 to 10 months

  • 12 months

  • 12 to 18 months

  • 6 months

Explicación

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