The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The main functions of this important system are:
support and stability
protection of internal organs
locomotion
production of blood cells
storage of calcium and other minerals
formation of conscious thought
detection of smells and tastes
The bones of the skeleton are divided into two groups: the skeleton which includes the bones of the skull, ribs, sternum and vertebral column, and the skeleton which includes the bones of the shoulders, hips and the upper and lower extremities.
What are the types of bone shape?
Long
Flat
Short
Irregular
Smooth
Branched
The is the bony framework of the head consisting of the cranium and facial bones
The protects the brain. It is made up of eight bones, connected by fixed joints (sutures).
The is the lower jaw which carries the lower teeth. It is the only bone in the skull which can move freely
The upper jaw which carries the upper teeth is called the
The vertebral column consists of bones—in adults 24 are separate and movable, five are fused to make the and the remaining four are fused to make the
The movable bones of the vertebral column are divided into three regions: cervical vertebrae thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae
There are bones in the vertebral column:
cervical vertebrae thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae sacral vertebrae coccygeal vertebrae
The vertebrae are separated by discs, consisting of cartilage and other tissue.
The bones and discs are held in place by .
The discs allow limited between the separate bones and absorb .
The collar bone or articulates with the and the scapula.
The is a large flat triangular shaped bone, also called the shoulder blade.
The bone of the upper arm is the . It connects with the at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the .
The radius and ulna are two bones of the , which, with the humerus, make the joint and with the carpal bones the joint.
In each wrist there are carpal bones
Five bones make the palm of the hand, each bone joins the of fingers and thumb (at the knuckles).
Each hand has phalanges, in each finger and in the thumb. They articulate with the metacarpals and with each other
There are pairs of ribs which form a protective cage around organs such as the heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity. The top 10 are attached to the at the front with cartilage, the bottom two ribs are free at the front. At the back, all ribs are connected to the vertebrae. muscles between the ribs expand the rib cage in the breathing process.
The is a flat bone running centrally down the front of the chest. The top 10 ribs are attached to the middle portion or the “”. The lower tip is referred to as the process, and the is the uppermost part of the sternum.
