How does the immune system recognise pathogens?

What two things must the immune system do? What are the consequences if they are not done?

What is an antigen?

What is an immunogen?

What is an epitope?

Can you give an overview of antigen recognition?

Give some examples of cells that can be found in the adaptive and innate immune system

In terms of antigen recognition what is the difference between the innate and adaptive immune system?

Briefly describe the recognition of 'non-self' by innate immune cells

With innate immune cells there is an inherent lack of response to self (tolerance). Why is this?

What is an important example of pattern recognition receptors?

Describe the general process of adaptive immunity - how are large numbers of useful cells generated in response to an antigen?

Explain the recognition of B cells including the following key terms:
Ig, BCR, epitope, antibody

Describe the structure of a typical antibody - draw and label a diagram

B cells can make different classes (isotypes) of antibody. What is the benefit of this?

What are the different classes of antibody? Comment on their structure

What special process can B cells undergo?

During the process of class switching what remains constant and what changes?

Which class of antibody is made first in an immune response? What happens next? What do the different levels of each type of class indicate?
Include a diagram in your answer

With B cells how is receptor diversity generated? Explain in detail and include a diagram in your answer

How do T cells recognise antigens?

Draw a diagram depicting the structure of the T Cell receptor
(things to include is on answer flashcard)

When do T cells being to express TCRs?

The generation of TCR diversity also involves....

Define the term major histocompatibility complex

Define the term HLA

What are the two different types of MHC? What is the difference between them?

What can be said about the peptide binding by MHC molecules?

What determines the binding between MHC molecules and the linear peptide antigens?

The MHC has two properties that help ensure the maximum number of peptides can be presented. What are they?

One of the two major properties of MHCs may prove a barrier to organ transplantation. Which property is this and how does this act as a barrier?

Explain the immunology of Coeliac disease. How common is the disease and what is it specifically?

What is central tolerance?

What is peripheral tolerance?

What is tTG and what does it do?

What are three histological features of coeliac disease?