1. In hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma we can usually find:
a) Prominent dehydration, very high plasma glucose, moderate acidosis
b) Prominent dehydration, very high plasma glucose, hyperventilation
c) Variable glucose level, variable dehydration
d) Prominent dehydration, very high plasma glucose
e) High glucose level, severe acidosis, prominent dehydration
2. Impaired fasting glycemia is when the fasting plasma glucose level is:
a) 6.0-6.9 mmol/L
b) 6.9-7.2 mmol/L
c) 7.2-7.4 mmol/L
d) 5.0-5.6 mmol/L
e) 5.0-6.0 mmol/L
3. IGT can be diagnosed based on:
a) Fasting blood glucose, glycosuria
b) OGTT
c) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose
d) Random glucose level, glycosuria
e) Fasting plasma glucose level, random glucose level, glycosuria
4. What may be required to diagnose DM:
a) Fasting plasma glucose level, random glucose level, glycosuria
b) Random glucose level, glycosuria
c) Fasting plasma glucose level, ketonuria
d) Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose
e) OGTT, ketonuria
5. Which fasting blood glucose is diagnostic of diabetes:
a) >6.0 mmol/L
b) >6.5mmol/L
c) >7.0 mmol/L
d) >7.4 mmol/L
e) >7.2mmol/L
Whipple´s triad - Choose correct statement
Symptoms of hypoglycemia, lab evidence of hypoglycemia and symptoms are relieved by administration of glucose, low plasma glucose concentration
idk
2-hours post load cut point(plasma) in impaired glucose intolerance is(mmol/l): - Choose correct
7
7.8
6
6.8
11.1
Reaction in hypoglycemia - Choose correct statement
Suppression of insulin, and decrease of catecholamines
Increase in glucagon and cortisol, decrease of growth hormone
Increase of insulin secretion
Increase in glucagon, cortisol, and growth hormone
Increase in insulin and catecholamines secretion
Lactic acidosis in diabetic decompensation - Choose correct statement
Due to hypoxia, and high anion gap
Normal anion gap
Due to extreme metabolic acidosis (>300nmol), high anion gap
Extreme metabolic acidosis, due to impaired lactate metabolism in liver
Absent, low or high ketones
Diabetic ketoacidosis - Choose false
You should do arterial blood gas sample
Creatinine can be falsely measured due to elevated levels of ketone bodies interfering
Higher plasma glucose than hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma
Amylase activity is increased
What is FALSE about diagnosis in monitoring diabetes mellitus?
Is diagnosed by plasma glucose level
Glycosuria is required for diagnosis
Fasting blood glucose test is the diagnostic test of diabetes
Glycosylated hemoglobin is used for monitoring
Glycosylated hemoglobin for diagnosis if controversible
Cut off level for fasting glucose diabetes in mmol/L:
11,1
6,5
7,8
False about diabetic nephropathy:
Lead to renal failure - true
Hyperfiltration occurs in early stage-true
Is a late complication in DM-true
Microalbuminuria occurs in late stage - (early)
Increased proteinuria occurs in late stage
False about DM type2 :
Patients are symptomatic from the beginning
Ketosis can develop during stress
Onset age > 40
Impaired insulin resistance and insulin
Obesity and physical activity are environmental factors
Insulin antagonists:
Thyroid hormones
Glucagon, glucocorticoids, adrenaline, and growth hormones
Estrogen
Aldosterone, thyroid
Neuropathy may become evident as:
Foot ulcers, neurogenic bladder, diarrhea, kidney hyperperfunction
Foot ulcers, neurogenic bladder, diarrhea, postural hypotension
Foot ulcers, maculopathy, diarrhea, postural hypotension
Foot ulcers, maculopathy, diarrhea, kidney hyperfunction
Foot ulcers, coronary heart disease, diarrhea, postural hypotension
Symptomatic hypoglycemia occurs at the fasting glucose level (mmol/L) below:
6,9
3,9
2
Fasting hypoglycemia may result from all of the following except:
Addison´s disease
Glucagonoma
Sepsis
Liver failure
Renal disease
Which findings are suggestive of insulinoma?
Hypoglycemia, low C-peptide, weight loss
Hypoglycemia, high C-peptide, weight gain
Hypoglycemia, low C-peptide, weight gain
Hypoglycemia, high insulin, low C-peptide, weight gain
Hypoglycemia, low insulin, high C-peptide, weight gain
Reactive hypoglycemia results from:
Insulinoma, sepsis, treatment with beta-blockers
Malignancy, Addison’s disease, sepsis
Treatment with sulphonylurea, alcohol, dumping syndrome
Liver disease, renal disease, insulinoma
Insulin administration (inappropriate), Addison’s disease
What is false about DKA:
Arise from variety of metabolic problems caused by insulin deficiency
Treatment includes fluids, insulin, potassium
Close clinical and biochemical monitoring is necessary
Sodium bicarbonate is not necessary in every case
Is as common as HONK and lactic acidosis
