Where is the TATA box?
-31 to -26
-32 to -37
-2 to +4
+28 to +32
Where is Inr?
-37 to -32
Where is DPE?
Where is BRE?
Which are true of CpG Islands?
rich in CG sequences
TXN occurs at a lower rate and at several start sites
C residues escape methylation
Methylation is associated with silencing of the gene
Extensively phosphorylated at CTD
Form a complex on TATA box to recruit RNA Pol II to the promoter
Which of the following are associated with RNA Pol II?
tRNA
snRNA
mRNA
miRNA
rRNA
Which RNA Polymerase is found in the nucleolus?
RNA Pol I
RNA Pol II
RNA Pol III
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the formation of PIC?
DABPolFEH
DBAPolFEH
DABPolEFH
DAPolEBFH
Which GTF interacts with RNA Pol II during formation of PIC?
TFIIB
TFIID
TFIIA
TFIIE
TFIIH
TFIIF
What happens to RNA Pol II as it transcribes along RNA?
Phosphorylated at CTD
Methylated at CTD
Acetylated at CTD
Phosphorylated at N terminal tail
Acetylatetd at N terminal tail
Which of the following are true of TFIIH?
It binds over Inr
It binds over TATA
It requires ATP to separate template strand
It requires NAD to separate template strand
It is released as RNA Pol II moves
It stays bound as RNA Pol II moves
Its CAK subunit contains kinase for phosphorylation
Its Core subunit contains kinase for phosphorylation
It contains helicases XPB and XPD
It contains helicases XPC and XPB
Which of the following is a trilobular structure containing TBP and TAFs?
TBP directs assembly of PIC on the TATA complex and only requires TAFs to do so in a TATA-less promoter
Which of the following are UAS common sequence elements?
GC box
Octamer
CAAT box
HSE
SRE
BRE
DPE
What are leucine zippers, zinc fingers, homeodomains and helix loop helixes all examples of?
DNA binding domains
Activation domains
Enhancer elements
GTFs
Which of the following are true of Activation domains in activators?
They have a lack of sequence conservation
They are generally unstructured
They contain multiple short segments working together in an additive fashion
They can be gln rich, proline rich or acidic patches
How do activators work?
Promote binding of other activators
Stimulate complex assembly (Recruitment)
Release stalled RNA Pol II
Modulation of chromatin
Which of the following are true of Mediator?
22 polypeptide complex
Comprised of a head, middle and tail
Associates with RNA Pol through CTD
Enhances PIC formation
Forms a bridge between RNA Pol II and activators
Which of the following is not a core histone?
H1
H3
H4
H2A
H2B
N terminal tails of histones are highly acidic
What do nucleosomes consists of?
2 x H2A-H2B dimers
H2A-H2B tetramer
H1 linker histones
H3-H4 tetramer
2 x H3-H4 dimers
147 bp DNA wrapped around the octamer
471 bp DNA wrapped around the octamer
Mitotic chromosomes are condensed, interphase chromosomes occupy a distinct territory in the nucleus and are decondensed to about 100-400nm fibres
Which of the following switches off the Gal4 promoter?
Galactose
Glucose
Which of the following are methods of remodelling chromatin?
Histone variants
ATP dependent chromatin remodelling
Post translational modifications
Which histone does not express variants?
Where do post translational modifications of histones occur?
N-terminal tail
C Terminal domain
DPD
TBP
The GNAT and MYST family are which enzymes?
HATs
HDACs
HKMTs
SWI/SNF ATPase
Histone methylation is readily reversible and has no affect on charge
Specific methylated lysines are recognised by specific proteins, which of the following are markers for repression?
H3 Lys 9
H3 Lys 27
H3 Lys 4
H3 Lys 36
Which of the following are SWI2/SNF2 ATPase subfamilies?
SWI2/SNF2
ISWI
CHD/Mi2
Ino80
What is the deletion of SWI/SNF associated with?
Tumours
Tumour suppression
Which class of HDACs is not zinc dependent?
Class III
Class I
Class II
Class IV
Regions of DNA that are hypoacetylated by HDACs are what?
Repressed
Activated
Which of the following is an example of an ATP dependent remodeller that commonly mediates repression?
NuRD
SWI/SNF
Ume3
Rpd3
Sin3
HP1
What is the name of the enzyme that methylates H3K9?
Suvar39
Ume6
Is Tsix or Xist on the antisense strand of DNA?
Tsix
Xist
What is the Role of NF-KB family of transcription factors?
Regulating inflammation, DNA damage, cell death, cell adhesion and proliferation.
The guardian of the genome.
NF-KB is pre-synthesised and retained within the cytoplasm in an active form bound to inhibitor protein IxB
Cellular ❌ > IkB phosphorylated > ubiquitination by E3 Ubiquitin ligase > degradation by 26S proteasome > NF-kB free to translocate to the nucleus.
In diseased cells NF-kB control is lost (aberrantly nuclear)
Which of the following do all members of the mammalian NF-KB family contain?
Rel homology domains
Leucine zipper like domain
Non conserved transcription activation domains
PEST domains
ankyrin repeat motifs