What does the axial skeleton do?
Forms longitudinal axis of body
Supports head, neck, and trunk
Protects brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs
All of the above
What does the appendicular skeleton do?
Supports and protects
Allows mobility
What is the skeletal system composed of?
Bones
Cartilages
Joints & ligaments
How much body mass does the skeleton account for?
15%
20%
25%
30%
What are the two major divisions of the skeleton?
Axial and appendicular
Anterior and posterior
Dense and loose
Hyaline and fibrocartilage
Which of the following is true about the skeletal system or skeleton?
It is composed of mostly bone
Cartilage occurs in isolated areas
Ligaments connect bones and reinforce joints
The axial skeleton consists of how many bones?
20
50
80
100
What are the major regions of the axial skeleton?
Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage
What is true of the skull?
It's the most complex bony structure in the body.
It's formed of cranial bones and facial bones.
Most of its bones are flat and locked together.
Which of the following functions are associated with cranial bones?
Enclosing the heart in the thoracic cavity
Supporting the spinal cord in the vertebral canal
Enclosing the brain in the cranial cavity
Providing sites of attachment for leg muscles
What is one of the functions of cranial bones?
Supporting the rib cage
Providing sites of attachment for arm muscles
Provide sites of attachment for head and neck muscles
Forming the pelvis
What term is used to describe joints in the skull?
Synovial joints
Cartilaginous joints
Sutures
Ligamentous joints
How would you describe the appearance of sutures in the skull?
Smooth and rounded
Serrated, with a saw-tooth appearance
Flat and linear
Irregular and bumpy
What is NOT true about facial bones?
Contain cavities for special sense organs for sight, taste, and smell
Provide openings for air and food passage
Secure teeth & anchor facial muscles used for facial expression
Serve as attachment points for the spinal cord
Label this image of the skull
Which of the following represents the correct order of the five regions of the vertebral column from superior to inferior?
Lumbar, Thoracic, Sacral, Cervical, Coccyx
Thoracic, Lumbar, Cervical, Sacral, Coccyx
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyx
Sacral, Coccyx, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical
These are the amount of vertebrae the 5 regions of the spinal column have. Cervical consists of ❌ vertebrae. Thoracic consists of ❌ vertebrae. Lumbar consists of ❌ vertebrae. Sacrum is one bone formed from the fusion of ❌ vertebrae and articulates with the hip. Coccyx is also one bone formed from the fusion of ❌ fused vertebrae.
What is true of the vertebral or spinal column?
Extends from skull to pelvis and has 4 main curves
Functions to transmit weight of trunk to lower limbs, surround and protect spinal cord, provide attachment points for ribs and muscles
Flexible curved structure contains 26 irregular bones called vertebrae in five major regions
Why does the spinal column have curvatures?
To decrease the resilience and flexibility of the spine
To provide a rigid support structure for the spine
To help increase resilience and flexibility of the spine
To limit movement and mobility in the spine
Which of the following statements accurately describes the curvature of the cervical, lumbar, thoracic, and sacral regions of the spine?
The cervical and lumbar curvatures are convex posteriorly, while the thoracic and sacral curvatures are concave posteriorly.
The cervical and lumbar curvatures are concave posteriorly, while the thoracic and sacral curvatures are convex posteriorly.
All regions of the spine have convex posterior curvatures.
All regions of the spine have concave posterior curvatures.
Describe the clinical homeostatic imbalance called scoliosis.
abnormal lateral rotation of spine, most often in thoracic region, which may lead to breathing difficulties
abnormal dorsal thoracic curvature common in people with osteoporosis, tuberculosis of spine, rickets, or osteomalacia
accentuated lumbar curvature that can result from disease but also pregnancy
None of the above
Describe the clinical homeostatic imbalance called kyphosis.
Describe the clinical homeostatic imbalance called lordosis.
What are some factors that can lead to abnormal spinal curvatures?
Congenital conditions
Diseases
Poor posture or unequal pull of muscles on the spine
What is the thoracic cage composed of?
Thoracic vertebrae posteriorly
Sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly
Ribs laterally
What are the functions of the thoracic cage?
Protects vital organs
Supports shoulder girdles and upper limbs
Provides attachment sites for muscles of neck, back, chest, and shoulders
Label this diagram of the thoracic cage.
Which of the following correctly describes the appendicular skeleton?
It consists of bones that form the spinal column.
It includes bones that make up the skull and face.
It consists of bones of the limbs and their girdles.
It comprises bones of the thoracic cage and pelvis.
Which of the following statements is true?
In the appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk.
In the appendicular skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk.
In the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk.
In the axial skeleton, the pectoral girdle attaches lower limbs to the body trunk and the pelvic girdle attaches upper limbs to the body trunk.
What bones make up the pectoral girdle?
Clavicles and scapulae
Humerus and radius
Femur and patella
Tibia and fibula
What is another term for the pectoral girdle?
Pelvic girdle
Shoulder girdle
Hip girdle
Limb girdle
What are the 3 categories of bones in the hands?
Carpals, Patellae, Tarsals
Femurs, Tibias, Fibulas
Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Scapulae, Clavicles, Humeri
Which of these descriptions of the bones of the hands is correct?
Phalanges (finger bones), metacarpals (palm bones) and carpals (wrist bones)
Phalanges (palm bones), metacarpals (finger bones) and carpals (wrist bones)
Phalanges (wrist bones), metacarpals (finger bones) and carpals (palm bones)
Phalanges (wrist bones), metacarpals (palm bones) and carpals (finger bones)
Which of the following correctly identifies the bones found in the upper limb?
Arm: Radius and ulna; Forearm: Humerus; Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Arm: Humerus; Forearm: Radius and ulna; Hand: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Arm: Humerus; Forearm: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges; Hand: Radius and ulna
Arm: Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges; Forearm: Radius and ulna; Hand: Humerus
Which is the correct number of bones in the hands?
8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm and 14 phalanges in the fingers
5 carpal bones in the wrist, 8 metacarpal bones in the palm and 14 phalanges in the fingers
14 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm and 8 phalanges in the fingers
8 carpal bones in the wrist, 14 metacarpal bones in the palm and 5 phalanges in the fingers
Which of the following statements correctly identifies the ulna and the radius?
The ulna articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while the radius articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist and the ulna at the radioulnar joints.
The ulna is located on the lateral side of the forearm, while the radius is located on the medial side.
The ulna is longer and thicker than the radius.
The radius articulates with the humerus at the elbow joint, while the ulna articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist and the radius at the radioulnar joints.
What is another term for the pelvic girdle?
Rib cage
Skull cage
Which bones form the pelvic girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
Humerus and ulna
Two coxal bones and sacrum
What three fused bones form the coxal bone?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
Sacrum, coccyx, ilium
Sacrum, ischium, pubis
Ilium, coccyx, pubis
What is true of the pelvic girdle?
Supports the pelvic organs
Transmits weight of upper body to lower limbs
Has less mobility but more stability than shoulder joint