CS Select the definition of "Research":
A disciplined investigation driven by scientific principles to solve problems and foster the development of novel knowledge.
A methodical approach utilizing established scientific techniques to address specific challenges and contribute to the expansion of knowledge.
An organized process employing scientific methodologies to resolve issues and uncover innovative insights.
A structured effort leveraging scientific methods to tackle problems and generate transformative understanding.
structured investigation with the use of appropriate scientific methods aimed at solving a problem and creating new knowledge.
CS Name the first step of the Research process:
Collect the data
Literature review
State the aim and objectives of your study
Prepare research (study) design
Formulate your research problem
CM Select the types of research by application:
Pure(basic, fundamental)
applied
Quantitative
Qualitative
CM Select the types of research according to the process adopted to find an answer to research questions:
Pure
Applied
CS When the study results are considered “internally valid”?
when they apply to the sample that was actually untested
when they apply to the population the sample was taken from
when they apply to the sample the population was taken from
All of the above
when they apply to the sample that was actually tested
CS When the study results are considered “externally valid”?
when they apply to the tested sample of the population of a specific country during a specific time frame
CS When the study results are considered generalizable?
if it can be applied only to africans
if it can be applied to specific populations
if it can be applied only to samples
if its only possible to be applied to the same population
if it can be applied to other populations
What do we mean by confounding?
A systematic bias
In a study of whether factor A is a cause of disease B, we say that a third factor, factor X, is a confounder
Factor X is a known risk factor for disease B.
Factor X is associated with factor A, but is not a result of factor A
Factor Xis associated of factor A, but is a result of factor A
CM What do we mean by recall bias?
It is a systematic error and occurs when participants in a study are systematically more or less likely to recall (report) information on exposure (risk factors) depending on their outcome status (disease)
Recall bias is present in cross-sectional, case sectional, case control
Recall bias is a factor present in cohort studies
Recall bias is common between studies related to analytics
CM For which observational study designs recall bias is a major problem?
Case-control
Case-Series
Cross-Sectional
Cohort
Clinical
11. CS For what observational study design recall bias can be avoided?
Case Series
Case Control
Cohort Study
Clinical Trial
Control trial
12. CM Case-series study design is classified as:
Observational
Descriptive
Analytical
Experimental
13. CM Cross-sectional study design is classified as:
14. CM Case-control study design is classified as
15. CM Cohort study design is classified as:
Analytic
16. CM Clinical trial study design is classified as:
17. CM List the types of the observational study designs:
Case-Control
Clinical trial
18. CM List the types of descriptive study design:
19. CM List the types of the analytic study design
Clinical trial without control
Clinical trial with control
20. CS Which type of study design is the best for a therapy question?
21. CS Which type of study design is the best for a diagnosis/screening question?
22. CS Which type of study design is the best for a prognosis question?
Case-series
Cohort study
Case-Report
23. CM Which type of study design is the best for an occurrence question?
24. CM Which observational study design gives the best evidence about causality?
Meta-analysis
Clinical trials
25. CS What does it mean "Incidence"?
Both old and new cases
Old cases of a disease
New cases of a disease
None of the above
26. CS "Incidence" of a disease can be estimated within which study design?
Case control
27. CS What does it mean "Prevalence"?
New cases only
Old cases only
28. CS "Prevalence" of a disease can be estimated within which study design?
29. CM Choose the experimental study characteristics:
Involve an intervention
Includes clinical trials
Controlled environment
Observation of a group of people
30. CM Choose the cohort study characteristics:
Incidence study
Prospective
Longitudinal
Diagonal
Prevalence study
