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Tertiary Education (PSYC1002) Semester 2, 2015 Test sobre Learning and Motivation MCQ, creado por Ani Av el 17/11/2015.

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Learning and Motivation MCQ

Pregunta 1 de 18

1

In your class you listened to a couple of sounds and examined your reactions to them. When you heard the sound of the dentist's drill, which of the following could accurately describe your emotional reactions to the sound:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • They were the same as the unconditioned responses

  • They were the opposite to the unconditioned responses

  • They were innate responses.

  • They were similar to the unconditioned responses, but were missing certain features

  • They were unconditioned responses.

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 18

1

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding shaping by successive approximations?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Shaping can be used to train any possible behaviour.

  • You make the criteria for reinforcement more stringent as the training proceeds.

  • Holding off reinforcement keeps them keen.

  • Shaping occurs more easily with primary reinforcers.

  • Punishment is an effective way to shape a behaviour.

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 18

1

A woman had an extreme phobia to frogs (batrachophobia). One rainy day while slipping on a pair of weather-proof boots, she touched a frog that was hiding inside the boot with her foot and suffered a panic attack. Now she can't go near boots. How did this new phobia (to gum boots) arise?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Discrimination learning

  • Generalisation

  • Secondary conditioning

  • Instrumental avoidance learning

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 18

1

Jake has aichmophobia, which is a fear of needles or syringes. This phobia is becoming so severe that he cannot bring himself to visit a doctor, go to the beach, or even walk across public parklands in case he comes into contact with needles. How would you describe this aspect of Jake's behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • It is an avoidance response

  • It is a socially learned response

  • It is a secondarily conditioned response

  • It is an omission response

  • It is a generalised response

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 18

1

Which of the following phenomenon is ONLY present in instrumental conditioning and not in classical conditioning?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The learned response can be extinguished.

  • The extinguished response can spontaneously recover after a period of time has elapsed.

  • The learned response can generalise.

  • The response comes after something happens or after something fails to happen.

  • The response causes something to happen or prevents something from happening.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 18

1

What is an effective way to reduce an avoidance behaviour?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Exposure therapy (extinction of the discriminative stimulus

  • Flooding (preventing the response)

  • Extinction of the avoidance response

  • Thinking of kittens. But only really cute ones.

  • A and B

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 18

1

A person sees an "open" sign on a shop door and walks into the store to buy something. The sign on the door controls the person's shopping behaviour by acting as a:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Conditioned stimulus

  • Unconditioned stimulus

  • Discriminative stimulus

  • Conditioned reinforcer

  • Positive reinforcer

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 18

1

Two children are at a party and get into a fight. The parent of the first child doesn't get cross, but immediately takes her child home. The second parent screams at her child. What behavioural management techniques did these two parents use?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Negative reinforcement (avoidance learning) and punishment respectively

  • Negative reinforcement (avoidance learning) and negative punishment (omission training) respectively

  • Punishment and negative punishment (omission training) respectively

  • Negative punishment (omission training) and negative reinforcement (avoidance learning) respectively

  • Negative punishment (omission training) and punishment respectively

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 18

1

Can classical and instrumental conditioning interact?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Yes, an example would be extinction.

  • Yes, an example would be secondary or conditioned reinforcers.

  • Yes, but it causes a massive explosion. Clever people are trying to see if they can run cars with this.

  • Yes, but it has only been observed in Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in rats.

  • No, because they are different types of learning.

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 18

1

Cook et al (1986) examined the acquisition of fears in people by pairing pictures with a brief but unpleasant electric shock. The four pictures they used were: a spider; a flower; a mushroom; a snake. During a test, they were shown the same pictures and their level of stress was monitored via electrocardiogram (for heart rate). There were no differences between these images if they hadn't been followed by shock. However, if these images had been paired with a shock, fear was more potently expressed to the pictures of spiders and snakes than flowers and mushrooms. How might the results of this experiment be interpreted?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The subjects were able to learn to fear specific types of stimuli

  • The subjects were able to learn to fear specific types of stimuli.

  • The subjects had an innate predisposition to learn to fear specific types of stimuli.

  • The subjects were born with fears of specific types of stimuli.

  • A, B and C.

  • A, B but not C.

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 18

1

During mating season, the brolga (an Australian native bird) displays a ritual courting "dance". Apart from being renowned for its intricacy and beauty, this courting dance is an example of an FAP. Which of the following statements is therefore most likely to be FALSE?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • The courting dance can occur spontaneously (i.e. without a releasing stimulus).

  • Once started, the courting dance continues until it is completed.

  • The courting dance depends on the brolgas being in the right hormonal state.

  • Each brolga's courting dance is highly original, changing dramatically from brolga to brolga.

  • The courting dance lasts longer and involves more muscle systems than a typical reflex.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 18

1

Instinctual behaviours differ from reflexes in that instinctual behaviours:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • (i) involve several muscle systems, (ii) are short-lived, and (iii) are insensitive to the motivational state of the organism.

  • (i) involve few muscle systems, (ii) are short-lived, and (iii) are sensitive to the motivational state of the organism.

  • (i) involve several muscle systems, (ii) last longer, and (iii) are sensitive to the motivational state of the organism.

  • (i) involve no more than three muscle systems, (ii) last longer, and (iii) are insensitive to the motivational state of the organism.

  • (i) involve few muscle systems, (ii) last longer, and (iii) are insensitive to the motivational state of the organism.

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 18

1

What is a drive?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Emotional tension caused by a biological need.

  • The 'psychic force' that energises behaviour.

  • The pleasure induced when a homeostatic need is satisfied.

  • A tendency to behave brought about by an unsatisfied need.

  • The big crankshaft underneath your car.

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 18

1

In an experiment, 4-month old children are played songs that are consonant (harmonic) or dissonant (inharmonic). The babies spent more time fixating on a speaker when the consonant music was played than when the dissonant music was played. What does this experiment tell us?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Babies have an innate bias to prefer musical instead of non-musical sound.

  • The babies preferred consonant music because they became familiar with it from listening to the music their parents play (which is predominantly consonant music).

  • Babies have an innate predisposition to acquire a love of harmonic melodies.

  • The babies were more likely to learn to play a musical instrument when they got older.

  • Options A, B and C are all possible.

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 18

1

Which of these is the best example of an instinctual response?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Seeking warmth when sick.

  • Cuddling a baby because they are so small and dumpy-looking, have big eyes and a fat head, and their arms and legs are so so short.

  • Gossiping.

  • Pole dancing.

  • Learning a language when young.

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 18

1

Which of these is the best example of a genetic predisposition?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Gossiping.

  • Learning a language when young.

  • Seeking warmth when sick.

  • Cuddling a baby because they are so small and dumpy-looking, have big eyes and a fat head, and their arms and legs are so so short.

  • Pole dancing.

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 18

1

Which of these is the best example of a regulatory drive?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cuddling a baby because they are so small and dumpy-looking, have big eyes and a fat head, and their arms and legs are so so short

  • Gossiping.

  • Pole dancing.

  • Learning a language when young.

  • Seeking warmth when sick.

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 18

1

Which of these is an example of a universal motive?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cuddling a baby because they are so small and dumpy-looking, have big eyes and a fat head, and their arms and legs are so so short.

  • Seeking warmth when sick.

  • Gossiping.

  • Pole dancing.

  • Learning a language when young.

Explicación

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