Where are vitamins and minerals absorbed in the body?
small intestine
liver
heart
large intestine
This nutrient is a part of the coenzyme FAD; milk is a significant source
zinc
calcium
riboflavin
iron
This nutrient is a part of the coenzyme known as NAD; the body can make it from the amino acid tryptophan
sodium
thiamin
niacin
This nutrient functions as part of a coenzyme in amino acid metabolism; it also helps to make red blood cells
B12
B6
B1
B10
Whole grain products and pork are significant sources of this vitamin; it's part of a coenzyme that helps to convert pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
Riboflavin
Niacin
Thiamin
Iodine
Nutrient that enhances insulin activity in the body; it's often sold as a supplement for weight loss.
chromium
iodine
Which of these nutrients is NOT added to refined white flour during the enrichment process.
Which energy metabolism nutrient is an essential component of thyroid hormones?
Chromium
Iron
Magnesium
Which of these vitamins is not fat soluble?
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin K
Vitamin D
What is the definition of an enzyme?
proteins that stop biochemical reactions
Most common cause of preventable brain damage in the world
proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions
the loss of electrons
Which is a source of B6 vitamins?
Enriched grains
Whole grains
Rice
Fortified cereals & grains
What much enriched flour contain?
Thiamin (B1)
Calcium
Niacin (B3)
Riboflavin (B2)
Folic Acid
Who is at risk of Thiamin deficiency?
elderly
healthy adolescent
alcoholics
infants
Which is NOT one of the 4 d's relating to the thiamin deficiency, Pellagra?
Diabetes
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia
Death
What is NOT true about chromium?
May enhance insulin function
promotes glucose uptake
Essential component of thyroid hormones
sources are whole grains, meats (liver), veggies
Which of these are NOT one of the functions of Iodine
Regulates body temperature
Regulates heartbeat
Regulates growth
Regulates blood cell production
Regulates nerve and muscle function
Which is NOT a source of iodine?
Saltwater seafood
Iodized salt
Dairy products
What is iodine deficiency called?
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Glycogen Storage Disease
Galactosemia
Goiter
Thiamin pyrophosphate, TPP, is required for ___________.
protein synthesis
fatty acid synthesis
carbohydrate metabolism
DNA synthesis
Thiamin deficiency can be found among ________.
heavy users of alcohol
poor people in developing countries reliant on white rice as a staple food
poor people in developing countries reliant on corn as a staple food
both a and b
both a and c
Which of the following water-soluble vitamins participate in oxidation-reduction reactions?
thiamin and riboflavin
thiamin and vitamin B-6
pantothenic acid and niacin
riboflavin and niaciin
An alcoholic who consumes no dairy products is most at risk of developing ________ deficiency.
choline
vitamin B-6
Niacin can be synthesized in cells from ______________.
fatty acids
glucose
tryptophan
Deficiencies of ________ and ____________ are extremely rare.
biotin; pantothenic acid
biotin; niacin
riboflavin; niacin
thiamin; niacin
Transamination reactions allow the formation of nonessential amino acids. Which vitamin is required for these reactions?
Good sources of folate include _____________.
lentils, spinach, asparagus, and fortified foods
papayas, limes, oranges, and potatoes
dairy products, fortified foods, and nuts
tuna, chicken, beef, and dairy products
Folate functions in DNA synthesis and amino acid metabolism
Macrocytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired cognitive function are signs of ____________ deficiency.
ascorbic acid
vitamin B-12
Vitamin B-6
Sources of vitamin B-12 include__________.
whole grains, tuna, and eggs
dairy products, meat, and fish
citrus fruits, papayas, and bananas
dairy products, whole grains, and leafy, green vegetables
Manganese is a cofactor for metabolic enzymes.
Which of the following is a function of iodine?
acts as a component of superoxide dismutase enzyme
aids in thyroid hormone metabolism
functions in antioxidant defense
enhances insulin activity
Which of the following is associated with the development of cretinism?
iron deficiency
zinc deficiency
iodine deficiency
selenium deficiency
Protein-rich foods are the main source of the mineral sulfur in our diets