jimmy_sheehan318
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AMI pathology and treatment

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jimmy_sheehan318
Creado por jimmy_sheehan318 hace alrededor de 9 años
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AMI

AMI

Pregunta 1 de 16

1

Match the artery to the supply of myocardium and leads of ECG
....R) Atrium, SA & AV nodes, Inferior wall of R) ventricle....Lead 1,2 & AVF
...Inferior wall of R) Ventricle, Apex of Heart....Leads 1, 2 & AVF
R) Posterior Interventricular....R) & L) ventricles, Posterior intermuscular septum....Leads (depression)
....L) ventricle anterior wall, Anteroseptal, Anteroapical....V1-4,
....Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Anterolateral Wall...V5-V6, Lead 1, avL

Arrastra y suelta para completar el texto.

    R) Coronary Artery
    R) Anterior Artery
    R) Marginal
    L) Marginal
    L) Circumflex
    L) Interventricular
    L) Anterior Descending
    Great Cardiac Vein
    V1, V2
    V4-V6

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 16

1

Macrophages which are transformed into foam cells, secrete cytokines which propagate atherosclerosis?

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 16

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

ST segment: The ST segment represents the time interval at the end of ( ventricular depolarisation, Ventricular contraction ) to the time of ( ventricular repolarisation, ventricular contraction ). At this time there is no difference in electrical potential, therefore there is no deflection, and this segment should be isoelectric.
Changes in the ST segment are caused by disturbances in repolarisation and may be reflected in elevation or depression of ST segment.
The ST segment is measured from the ( end, start ) of the QRS complex to the ( beginning, end ) of the T wave.

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 16

1

Which of these are characteristics of PR interval?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Measured from end of P wave to beginning of QRS?

  • Measured from start of P wave to beginning of QRS?

  • Represent time required for impulse to depolarise atria, traverse AV node and enter ventricular system.

  • Normally 0.08-0.12

  • Normally 0.12-0.20

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 16

1

Selecciona la opción correcta de los menús desplegables para completar el texto.

QRS complex: Normal duration/ interval ( 0.08- 0.10, 0.12-0.20 ) secs. The QRS complex reflects ( ventricular, atrial ) depolarisation (NOT ventricular contraction, which is associated with ST). Not every QRS complex contains a Q wave, R wave and S wave; it depends on the position of the lead and underlying myocardium.

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 16

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Angina is caused by decreased blood supply within the coronary arteries causing . It normally occurs during periods of strenuous activity where the heart cannot meet the O2 requirements of the myocardial tissue.
Stable angina- physical exertion, to rest and medication
Unstable angina- does not respond to rest or medication
Variant angina- Caused by spasm

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 16

1

Treatment of angina is normally through?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • GTN- causes vasodilation of the coronary vessels via increased cGMP

  • Aspirin- irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes which reduces prostaglandins and thromboxane

  • Stenting

  • beta-blockers

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 16

1

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The pathology of coronary artery atherosclerosis involves ( chronic, acute ) endothelial injury, endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle migration from ( tunica media, tunica externa ) to tunica intima, engulfment by ( macrophages, debris, lipids ), formation of foam cells, proliferation of SMC's and collagen.

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 16

1

Which layers will typically be first to undergo infarction?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • pericardial

  • myocardial

  • subendocardial

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 16

1

List the most common pathological conditions affecting the pericardium?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Cardiac Tamponade- fluid within the pericardial sac

  • Pericarditis- inflammation of the pericardium relieved by sitting up and worsened by supine

  • Pericardial effusion which can be haemoserous, fibrinoserous, suppuratives.

  • Pericardial Cancer

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 16

1

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GTN is A ( prodrug, vasopressor ) which first must be denitrated to produce its active form ( nitrous oxide, nitrous oxide synthase ). Nitrous oxide released increases ( guanylyl cyclase, adenylyl cyclase ) activity this results in increased cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase that activates MLC ( phosphatase, kinase ). MLC ( dephosphorylation, phoshorylation )-- VSMC relaxation.

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 16

1

B- blockers competitively antagonise B-adrenergic receptors in cardiac nodal tissue and myocytes. They block NA & A from binding. B-adrenergic receptors are couped to a G-Protein, which activates adenylyl cyclase to form cAMP from ATP. Increased cAMP activates a cAMP dependent protein kinase A that phosphorylates L-type calcium channels, which causes increased calcium entry into the cell. Contraindications to b-blockers are?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Unstable angina

  • asthma

  • stroke

  • severe PVD

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 16

1

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX enzyme. Which line of cyclo-oxygenase will regenerate first?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Prostaglandins

  • Thromboxane

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 16

1

Which factors does heparin inhibit in order to prevent the coagulation cascade form forming fibrin.

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

  • Factor 2

  • Factor 3

  • Factor 7

  • Factor 10

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 16

1

Warfarin inhibits activation of vitamin K via inhibition of vitamin k epoxide.

Selecciona uno de los siguientes:

  • VERDADERO
  • FALSO

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 16

1

Rellena los espacios en blanco para completar el texto.

Dual therapy of and aspirin is used because the endothelial cells will eventually replenish the levels of prostaglandin and thromboxane, but can inactive platelets for a lengthy period of time until they are replenished by haemopoeisis.

Explicación

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