DNA questions not from the lectures

Pregunta 1 de 60

1

In RNA, glycosidic bonds occur between:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

ribose and nucleotide base ribose and nucleotide base
deoxyribose and nucleotide base
ribose and phosphate
deoxyribose and phosphate
two nucleotide bases

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 60

1

Chromatin structure

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is constant across each chromosome
Strongly influences gene expression Strongly influences gene expression
Cannot impact heritable traits
Requires only a few proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 60

1

Writer and Eraser enzymes (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Act randomly
Are not required during DNA replication
Modify histones
Impact gene expression
Are unrelated to epigenetic changes

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 60

1

Gene duplication (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Creates an opportunity for organisms to diversify
Always results in new functions
Damages the DNA irreparably
Provides a mechanism for altering the function of the gene product

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 60

1

Transgenic organisms (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Utilize somatic gene transfer
Contain a "foreign" gene introduced into the germ line
Have been created in only limited numbers
Pass on their transgenes to progeny

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 60

1

DNA is replicated 5' to 3'. Why is this directionality the only one observed in living organisms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Because of the anti-parallel nature of DNA
Because RNA synthesis is required
Because of the energy requirement for fidelity/proof-reading
Because the ssDNA binding proteins bind 5' to 3'

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 60

1

DNA

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Codes directly for proteins without any intermediary
Is contained in the nucleus in prokaryotes
Utilizes hydrogen bonds to maintain sugar-phosphate backbone stability
None of the above

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 60

1

"Dideoxy" (or Sanger) sequencing of DNA

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Uses deoxynucleotides for chain termination
Can be performed using chemical methods
Requires the ability to recognize the base at each position
Relies on DNA polymerase that must be thermally stable
Engages DNA ligase and ssDNA binding proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 60

1

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are mobile elements that can insert into any DNA sequence
Come in a single type
Are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Can be easily "cured" (eliminated from an organism)

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 60

1

Okazaki fragments at the replication fork for DNA synthesis (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are essential for leading strand synthesis
Are essential for lagging strand synthesis
Are comprised only of deoxyribonucleotides
Are comprised only of ribonucleotides
Are comprised of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 60

1

DNA repair (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Does not target all DNA
Preserves genetic information for the next generation of cells/organism.
Involves only a small number of proteins
Is confined to only two classes of DNA damage
Requires 3-5% of coding regions in higher organisms

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 60

1

Indicate the functions associated with DNA polymerase [more than one answer may apply]:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Polymerizes nucleotides from 5' to 3'
Creates RNA primers
Exhibits 3' to 5' exonuclease activity
Exhibits 5' to 3' exonuclease activity
Seals together Okazaki fragments

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 60

1

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that and not _serves as the genetic material:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Proteins | DNA
RNA | Proteins
DNA | Proteins
Polysaccharides | DNA

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 60

1

The role of telomerase is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

To extend the 5'-end of linear DNA
To shorten the 5'-end of linear DNA
To extend the 3'-end of linear DNA
Not important to normal cells
Dependent on an internal DNA template for extending DNA

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 60

1

Nucleosome structure (more than one answer may apply]:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is driven primarily by RNA components
Is invariant across a single chromosome
Strongly influences gene expression and can determine epigenetic traits
Is formed by DNA wrapping in a right-handed direction around the core histone octamer
Is more loosely packaged when lysines in the histones are acetylated

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 60

1

Which of the following has a function in both the leading and lagging strand during replication (more than one answer may apply]?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
ssDNA binding proteins
Okazaki fragments
DNA clamp loader

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 60

1

Somatic gene therapy

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Generates effects that can be inherited
Affects germ cells primarily
Can result in the production of a protein required by an individual
Has no side effects

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 60

1

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde):

a. Folded solenoid

b. Condensed chromatin

c. Solenoid structure

d. "Naked" DNA

e. Nucleosomes

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

decab
ecbad
debac
acbed

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 60

1

In a DNA microarray experiment, you use two different short ssDNAs as probes, one with a label that fluoresces green (green DNA probe) and the other fluoresces red (red DNA probe). Note that an equal mixture of the two probes appears as yellow. The results shown below were obtained following completion of the experiment.

Which of the following can you conclude from the results (more than one answer may apply)?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The DNA samples in A2, A5, and C4 contain similar sequences to the green DNA probe but not to the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in A2, A5, and C4 contain complementary sequences to the green DNA probe but not to the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B1, C5, and D2 contain similar sequences to the red DNA probe but not the green DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B1, C5, and D2 contain complementary sequences to the red DNA probe but not the green DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B3, B4, C2, and D1 contain similar sequences to both the green DNA probe and the red DNA probe.
The DNA samples in B3, B4, C1, and C2 contain complementary sequences to both the green DNA probe and the red DNA probe.

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 60

1

DNA replication

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is carried out by multiple independent proteins that do not associate
Utilizes the DNA clamp and clamp loader to coordinate the leading and lagging strands
Differs significantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the basic proteins required
Results in high levels of errors that cannot be repaired by DNA polymerase activity

Explicación

Pregunta 21 de 60

1

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is....

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

The key process in RFLP analysis
Limited to genomic DNA
Used to amplify DNA sequences
Is the key process for DNA cloning
Performed at a single temperature

Explicación

Pregunta 22 de 60

1

The sugars (to which the bases in DNA are linked) are connected to one another by what type of bond?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Alpha-glycosidic
Beta-glycosidic
Phosphodiester
Peptide

Explicación

Pregunta 23 de 60

1

The nucleotide sequence of one DNA strand is 5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3'. The sequence of the newly synthesized daughter strand is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

5'-CCTAAAAACAGGTGTTAGT-3'
5'-TGATTGTGGACAAAAATCC-3'
5'-ACTAACACCTGTTTTTAGG-3'
5'-GGATTTTTGTCCACAATCA-3'

Explicación

Pregunta 24 de 60

1

The properties of histones (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Cannot be altered
Affect chromatin density
Affect the mutation rate of DNA
Modulate gene expression
Are dependent on DNA size

Explicación

Pregunta 25 de 60

1

Which of the following are fundamental processes of DNA repair (more than one answer may apply)?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Identifying DNA damage
Ensuring the cell cycle continues during the process of repair
Signaling to cellular systems when DNA damage requires repair
Correcting DNA damage

Explicación

Pregunta 26 de 60

1

The key recognition surface for proteins to discern sequence in the 3-dimensional structure of a DNA is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Phosphodiester backbone
Major groove
Minor groove
Center of stacked base pairs

Explicación

Pregunta 27 de 60

1

Origins of replication are rich A-T base pairs:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

To be recognized readily
To facilitate ease of opening to initiate transcription
To promote primase binding
To ensure a unique sequence

Explicación

Pregunta 28 de 60

1

Which of the following is accurate regarding the DNA replication process (more than one answer may apply)?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

No mistakes are made during this process
Multiple proteins are involved
Low mutation rate (i.e., few errors) is essential for survival of the organism
Follows a conservative mechanism

Explicación

Pregunta 29 de 60

1

Sequences of genes generated by duplication (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Do not recombine to generate new functions for the encoded protein
Can diverge significantly and maintain similar function
Can diverge significantly and exhibit different functions
Never diverge in sequence

Explicación

Pregunta 30 de 60

1

Eukaryotic DNA replication

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Initiates at a single origin
Requires duplication of histones as well as DNA strands
Uses mechanisms that destroy patterns of histone modification
Utilizes enzymes that differ significantly from prokaryotic replication

Explicación

Pregunta 31 de 60

1

1. Nucleosomes:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Contain two sets of three histone monomers
Include histone and non-histone proteins
Package DNA into a compact form
Are more tightly packaged when serine is phosphorylated
Are more tightly packaged when lysine is acetylated

Explicación

Pregunta 32 de 60

1

Chromosomes within cells (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are randomly located
Occupy distinct physical regions where genes are silenced and where genes are expressed
Contain genes fixed in a precisely ordered pattern that corresponds to order of expression
Move when expressed to a central region of the cell

Explicación

Pregunta 33 de 60

1

The orientation of replication by DNA polymerases from 5' to 3' using 5'-dNTPs (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is required to ensure that the complementary strand is oriented anti-parallel
Provides energy from the release of pyrophosphate (and its hydrolysis) to drive the reaction forward
Allows proofreading by DNA polymerases
Is not universal in all organisms

Explicación

Pregunta 34 de 60

1

Restriction nucleases:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are required to sequence DNA
Are required to reproducibly generate specific fragments of DNA
Protect DNA in eukaryotic organisms
Cannot be helpful in identifying individuals

Explicación

Pregunta 35 de 60

1

In DNA, hydrogen bonds occur between:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Ribose and nucleotide base
Deoxyribose and nucleotide base
Two deoxynucleotide bases
Ribose and phosphate
Deoxyribose and phosphate

Explicación

Pregunta 36 de 60

1

Which of the following does NOT characterize the DNA replication process?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Mistakes can be made during the replication process, but most are detected and corrected by DNA polymerases
This process utilizes a semi-conservative mechanism
Organisms can generally tolerate a high error rate in replication
This process engages a large number of proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 37 de 60

1

Telomerases

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are composed solely of amino acids
Are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Protect the ends of linear DNA Protect the ends of linear DNA - correct
Synthesize DNA 3' to 5'

Explicación

Pregunta 38 de 60

1

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Move in a distinct pattern
Move in a more or less random pattern
Can use different types of deletion/insertion strategies
Are similar across all organisms
Can replace telomerase in some organisms

Explicación

Pregunta 39 de 60

1

The human genome:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Has numerous highly repetitive sequences
Contains approximately 3 million base pairs
Contains approximately 3 million genes that encode proteins
Uses over 30% of the sequence in coding proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 40 de 60

1

DNA ligase (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Synthesizes DNA primers
Has an important role in lagging strand synthesis during replication
Has an important role in leading strand synthesis during replication
Seals recombinant DNA sequences with overlapping ends
Unzips double-stranded DNA

Explicación

Pregunta 41 de 60

1

The proteins for DNA replication that are NOT involved directly at the moving replication fork include (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

DNA polymerase
DNA primase
DNA helicase
Topoisomerase
ssDNA binding protein
DNA ligase

Explicación

Pregunta 42 de 60

1

Homologous recombination:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is restricted to eukaryotes that are diploid
Is only used in repairing dsDNA breaks that occur randomly
Is a complex process that repairs dsDNA breaks
Does not require strict control

Explicación

Pregunta 43 de 60

1

Which of the following sequences would denature from the sequence 5'-CGATGTCC-3' at the highest temperature?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

5'-CGATGTCC-3'
5'-GCTACAGG-3'
5'-GGACATCG-3'
5'-ATGCGCTA-3'

Explicación

Pregunta 44 de 60

1

In prokaryotes, what protein binds first to DNA to start the replication process?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Helicase
DnaA
DNA primase
Topoisomerase
DNA polymerase

Explicación

Pregunta 45 de 60

1

Epigenetic information (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is randomized when the DNA is copied
Is present in the DNA sequence
Depends on modifications of histones
Is fixed and unchanging
May be influenced by environmental impacts

Explicación

Pregunta 46 de 60

1

DNA size (in terms of number of base pairs) varies significantly among eukaryotic organisms. Which of the following is an accurate statement:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Gene size (in terms of number of base pairs) is directly proportional to DNA size
Gene density (number of genes per base pair) differs between eukaryotic organisms
Gene density in eukaryotes is similar to prokaryotic organisms
The number of genes is directly proportional to the number of chromosomes
The number of genes is directly proportional to DNA size

Explicación

Pregunta 47 de 60

1

Restriction nucleases (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Recognize specific sequences in DNAs and break both strands within this sequence
Are found in almost all molds
Were designed from other types of nucleases to fragment DNA
Generate staggered ends or blunt ends

Explicación

Pregunta 48 de 60

1

Regulation of DNA expression

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Targets the same genes in the same way for all species
Is unimportant
May vary significantly for the same organ in different species May vary significantly for the same organ in different species - correct
Is the same for all cell types

Explicación

Pregunta 49 de 60

1

The first synthetic step in DNA replication requires

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

DNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA primase DNA primase - correct
DNA helicase
ssDNA binding proteins

Explicación

Pregunta 50 de 60

1

What amino acids would you expect to find frequently modified in histones (more than one answer may apply)?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Glutamic acid
Glycine
Lysine
Serine
Tryptophan

Explicación

Pregunta 51 de 60

1

DNA replication (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Generates two identical copies of dsDNA with one strand that is "parental" and one strand that is "daughter"
Is continuous on both strands of the DNA
Is highly accurate in terms of maintaining the sequence
Requires protection of the exposed ssDNA segments
Requires synthesis of a DNA primer to start the process of copying each DNA strand

Explicación

Pregunta 52 de 60

1

PCR requires (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

All 4 deoxynucleoside triphosphates
A single dideoxynucleoside triphosphate
dsDNA
RNA
Oligonucleotide primers
Temperature-stable DNA polymerase

Explicación

Pregunta 53 de 60

1

Regulation of DNA expression:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is not importantIs not important
Is the same for all species
Is essential in determining what proteins are produced Is essential in determining what proteins are produced - correct
Is determined by protein coding regions

Explicación

Pregunta 54 de 60

1

Plasmids (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Can be used to amplify recombinant DNA
Are found primarily in eukaryotes
Are separate from chromosomal DNA and replicate independently
Are generally small, linear DNAs

Explicación

Pregunta 55 de 60

1

The leading template strand is oriented from , and its complementary strand is oriented from __.

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

3' to 5' | 3' to 5'
3' to 5' | 5' to 3'
5' to 3' | 5' to 3'
5' to 3' | 3' to 5'

Explicación

Pregunta 56 de 60

1

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (more than one answer many apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Are uncommon in genomes within the same species
Can be associated with changes in protein sequence that may predispose individuals to diseases
Are easily identified by DNA sequencing
Are single base pair changes
Are of little interest

Explicación

Pregunta 57 de 60

1

Epigenetic changes (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Can appear at any age
Arise due to DNA sequence changes
Affect each cell in the same way
Can arise randomly
Can be generated from lifestyle impacts

Explicación

Pregunta 58 de 60

1

Chargaff and colleagues demonstrated in the 1940's that the molar amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA were equivalent (%A = %T) and a similar equivalency applied to guanine and cytosine (%G = %C) (the "pair rule"). From this one can deduce that:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Adenine and guanine will always be present in different molar amounts
Cytosine and thymine will always be present in different molar amounts
Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in different molar amounts
Purines and pyrimidines will always be present in equivalent molar amounts

Explicación

Pregunta 59 de 60

1

Replication in eukaryotes (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Is fundamentally different from prokaryotes
Requires a complex composed of multiple proteins to begin the process
Starts at the same time at each of the replication origins
Starts at a single replication origin
Occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle

Explicación

Pregunta 60 de 60

1

The multi-protein complex generated by the clamp loader formed at the replication fork

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Lowers the amount of energy required for replication
Increases the amount of energy utilized by DNA polymerase
Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands Provides coordination of leading and lagging strands - correct
Is designed to protect ssDNA

	Creado por MrSujg hace casi 9 años

1st year Biochemistry and molecular biology Test sobre DNA questions not from the lectures, creado por MrSujg el 29/11/2015.

DNA questions not from the lectures

DNA questions not from the lectures

Pregunta 1 de 60

In RNA, glycosidic bonds occur between:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 2 de 60

Chromatin structure

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 3 de 60

Writer and Eraser enzymes (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 4 de 60

Gene duplication (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 5 de 60

Transgenic organisms (more than one answer may apply)

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 6 de 60

DNA is replicated 5' to 3'. Why is this directionality the only one observed in living organisms?

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 7 de 60

DNA

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 8 de 60

"Dideoxy" (or Sanger) sequencing of DNA

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 9 de 60

Transposons (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 10 de 60

Okazaki fragments at the replication fork for DNA synthesis (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 11 de 60

DNA repair (more than one answer may apply):

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 12 de 60

Indicate the functions associated with DNA polymerase [more than one answer may apply]:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 13 de 60

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that __________ and not ___________serves as the genetic material:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 14 de 60

The role of telomerase is:

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 15 de 60

Nucleosome structure (more than one answer may apply]:

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 16 de 60

Which of the following has a function in both the leading and lagging strand during replication (more than one answer may apply]?

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 17 de 60

Somatic gene therapy

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 18 de 60

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde): a. Folded solenoid b. Condensed chromatin c. Solenoid structure d. "Naked" DNA e. Nucleosomes

Selecciona una de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 19 de 60

Selecciona una o más de las siguientes respuestas posibles:

Explicación

Pregunta 20 de 60

DNA replication

The Avery-McLeod-McCarty experiment provided evidence that and not _serves as the genetic material:

Place the following in order of assembly from the most basic structure to the most complex (type in letters without spaces or commas as in abcde):

a. Folded solenoid

b. Condensed chromatin

c. Solenoid structure

d. "Naked" DNA

e. Nucleosomes