Which one of the following is not a mode of Cardiometabolic Risk assessment?
Lab Test
Physical Exam
PISQ
Clinical Test
PAR-Q
The average resting heart rate of an individual is between
65-85 bpm
70-90 bpm
50-70 bpm
60-80 bpm
None of the Above
Pulse provides information on which of the following:
Speed and irregularities of heart rate
Level of arousal
Sleeping or Awake
How healthy an individual is
Whether or not there are blockages in the blood
Prior to taking BP via auscultation it is important to
Ask patient how much alcohol they have consumed in the past 12 hours
Let patient relax for at least 5 minutes in a comfortable environment
Sedate the patient so that they are in a relaxed state
Which of the following does correlate with the correct blood pressure category
Normal <120mmHg/<80mmHg
Prehypertension 120-135mmHg/80-89mmHg
Hypertension 136-159mmHg/90-100mmHg
Stage 2 Hypertension >160 mmHg/>101mmHg
Stage 3 Hypertension >180mmHg/>120mmHg
Cardiorespiratory Fitness is:
The ability of the cardiometabolic system to produce strong work by consuming oxygen
The ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen around the body and keep muscles healthy
The ability of the cardiometabolic system to deliver oxygen to working muscles and those muscles ability to use that oxygen to do work
The ability of the cardiovascular system to deliver oxygen to working muscles and do work using that oxygen
Active Recovery entails:
Continuing light intensity exercise for approximately 3 minutes
Recording HR at each minute
Additional two minutes if not below 100bpm
All of the above
A and B
Which of the following is a correct response if a patient feels uncomfortable or exhibits signs of distress during a test?
Reduce cadence and continue test
Pause test and give them a second before continuing test
Take steps to terminate test
Encourage them to keep going
These two tests are examples of Submaximal Tests
Constant duration Cycle & Constant Duration Treadmill
YMCA Cycle Ergometer & Ebling Treadmill Walking
YMCA Cycle Ergometer & Constant Duration Treadmill
Constant Duration cycle & Ebling Treadmill Test
All of the following are examples of Exercise Tolerance Tests except:
Constant Work (CWT) Participant completes set amount of work or a given distance as
Constant Duration (CDT) Participant completes as much work or covers as much distances as possible in a set time
Constant Power (CPT) Participant maintains a constant power until exhaustion
Constant Speed (CST) Participant maintains a constant speed until exhaustion
Which of the following best describes the advantages of Sub-maximal testing
Sub-maximal testing is relatively simple and thus can be performed by untrained individuals in a short period of time
This type of testing can be completed quickly due to its simple nature thus making it easier to apply to clinical populations
Sub-maximal testing is relatively simple and inexpensive making it easy to apply to clinical populations
Sub-maximal testing is easier to apply to non-clinical populations due to its timeliness and simplicity
The YMCA Cycle Ergometer test is:
Contains 3 or 4, 3 minute workloads
A constant cadence at 50 rpm
Aimed to raise heart rate between 110 bpm and 85% of age predicted HRmax
Work loads are determined by the heart rate during the last minute of the first workload
All of the Above
If a 25 year old male’s heart rate is 89 bpm during the first work load his subsequent 2nd, 3rd and 4th workloads would be which of the following respectively:
450kpm/min, 600kpm/min, 700kpm/min
600kpm/min, 750kpm/min, 900kpm/min
600kpm/min, 700kpm/min, 800kpm/min
450kpm/min, 600kpm/min, 750kpm/min
Exercise tolerance test determines _________ performance, whereas VO2 max determines max. oxygen consumption during exercise
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Athletic
Cardiometabolic
All of the following are aspects of the treadmill test except:
CDT
3 minute warm up
Treadmill at 0%
10 minutes at highest work-rate
B and D
The resistance for the Cycle CDT Exercise Tolerance test is:
3.5 kp
kp as determined by the participants 85% age predicted HR
3 kp
2 kp
5 kp
Functional fitness assessment is important because:
The main causes of injuries especially in aging populations are sedentary lifestyle and disease
The components testing in FFA impact an individuals ability to perform activities of daily living
Testing can help reduce the prominence of injuries like hip fractures which represent a high percentage of health care costs
All of the above are reasons as to why FFA is important
Which of the following test is matched with the correct area of assessment
30 second arm curl/upper arm strength
30 second chair stand /lower body and core strength
8 foot up and go/Static balance
2 minute step test/cardiorespiratory endurance
One of the following lists all possible ways to measure musculoskeletal fitness
Muscular, strength, muscular endurance, speed, flexibility
Muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power
Muscular strength, muscular endurance, muscular power and flexibility
Steps of the grip strength test include:
Held between fingers, palm of hand and base of thumb
Take two measures on one hand and then two on the other
Exhale while squeezing
Hold hand away from body and stare at focal point
A, C and D
Sit and Reach:
Tests the lower back and hamstring flexibility of an individual
Uses a flexometer
Uses a dynamometer
Repeated twice for accuracy
Subjective Measures of Physical Activity include:
Questionnaires
Interviews
Written tests
Typically subjective measures lack reliability and validity because:
The reference table may not be an accurate reflection of specific population
Seasonal variation
Human memory
Difficulty to objectively judge self
The accelerometer is a good example of an:
Subjective measure of cardiovascular endurance
Objective measure of physical activity
Objective measure of cardiovascular endurance
Subjective measure of physical activity
The accelerometer units of measurement are:
BPM
m/min
CPM
DPM
The gold standards of body composition assessment include:
MRI
CT
DEXA
X-Ray
Hydrostatic Weighing
A, B, and D
Weight (kg)/Height (cm2)
Weight (Kg)/Height (m2)
Height (m2)/Weight (kg)
Weight (lbs)/Height (m2)
An individual would be considered obese II if their BMI was between the following range:
30-34.9
31.-39.9
35-39.9
35-44.9
The two measurements of waist circumference are:
NHANE – Inguinal Crest, WHO – midpoint
NHANE – Iliac Crest, WHO – Midpoint
NHANE – Midpoint, WHO – Iliac Crest
None of the above
Prior to taking a BIA measurement you should advise the participant to
Avoid alcohol consumption for 24 hours prior to test
Exercise lightly for 30 minutes in 8 hours prior to test
Avoid showering for 8 hours prior to test
Increase water consumption 12 hours prior to test
Which of the following is the correct thumb and index finger placement for obtaining consistent and accurate skin folds:
12 cm apart and perpendicular to the long axis of the skin fold
8 cm apart and parallel to the long axis of the skin fold
10 cm apart and parallel to the long axis of the skin fold
8 cm apart and perpendicular to the long axis of the skin fold
When acquiring a skin fold the head of the callipers should be placed at?
The crest of the skin fold
Halfway between the crest and base of the skin fold
The base of the skin fold
Beside the skin fold
Which of the following is not an accepted skin fold site
Biceps
Iliac Crest
Deltoid
Calf
Jaws of the caliber are placed 1cm below the the point where the skin fold is: True or False?
True
False
The tricep skin fold measurement requires marking the midpoint between:
Distal clavicle and acromion process
Distal clavicle and olecranon process
Acromion process and olecranon process
Inferior deltoid and proximal radius
Which of the following is correct regarding the order of skin fold measurement ?
Complete one full round of measurements at each site, then repeat cycle
Complete one measurement at all sites in order except sub scapular which requires two consecutive measurements for reliable values
The order in which measurements are taken is not important as long as 3 measures are obtained at each site
All skin fold measurements should be taken before how long after pressure is released?
1 second
2-3 seconds
4 seconds
6 seconds
A third measure at a site is only taken under which circumstances?
It is felt that another measure would yield a more accurate reading
The client requests it
The mean of the first 2 is greater than the corresponding intra-measure error
Which of the following is a limitation of taking skin folds
People may have sensitive skin
Intra- and inter- individual error
You need a lot of training to be competent
In which of the following situations would taking skin folds not be recommended?
Determining the effect of a weight loss intervention in individuals with a BMI >30kg/m2
Determining the effect of training in some elite level athletes (rowing or wrestling)
Determining the effects of a weight loss intervention in individuals who would be classified as overweight
Skin fold should never be recommended
The following is necessary to measure waist circumference correctly except:
The arms should be cross over the chest
The examiner should be positioned on one knee on the clients right side
The measurement should be taken at the inferior edge of the iliac crest
The measurement should be taken at the midline of the body
Which of the following is/are not true of proper technique for taking circumference measurements:
All measurements should be taken on the left side of the body
Take a minimum of two measurements at each site in rotational order
Apply tension to the tape so it fits snugly around the body without causing indentation to the skin
For waist, align the tape in a horizontal plane to the floor
Proper hip circumference measurement should be taken:
At the narrowest part of the torso
Distal to the gluteal fold
Around the buttocks at the furthest posterior protrusion
At the superior edge of the iliac crest
Of the following which is/are true about BMI?
It is a good measure of abdominal adiposity
It is an indirect measure of body fatness
It provides important information on the distribution of body fat
What are the current cut offs for abdominal obesity in men and women?
Women=88cm, Men=102cm
Women=88cm, Men=88cm
Women=102cm, Men=88cm
Women=102cm, Men=102cm
According to the Arden et al. reading which of the following is not an issue with the current abdominal obesity cut-offs for men and women?
The wait circumference thresholds were developed to be used in place of BMI rather than in addition to BMI
The thresholds were developed in a predominantly caucasian population
The waist circumference thresholds do not predict increased health risk within normal weight, over weight, and obese BMI categories
The thresholds were not developed based on the relationship between wait circumference and health risk
Based on Reading 1 which of the following statements is correct?
The addition of BMI specific waist circumference cut off does not improve the classifications of risk
Women have a higher WC threshold than men
The thresholds were developed to measure absolute risk rather than relative risk
Waist circumference thresholds provide additional information on health risk versus using BMI alone to determine health risk
Which of the following is false regarding the importance of measuring waist circumference ****
Abdominal fatness is a more important determinant of health outcomes than overall body fatness
Individuals with increased waist circumference are more likely to have the metabolic syndrome
a high waist circumference even within obesity class II and III denotes a higher risk for coronary events
Individuals who have a BMI within the normal range are at increased risk if they have a higher waist circumference
What would the health risk of a female with a BMI of 28kg/m2 and a waist circumference of 97 cm be?
Low
Moderate
Very High
Extremely High
A participant has just completed the one-mile walk test and their active recovery. They have been sitting for 3 minutes. Under which of the following scenarios would you end the passive recovery?
The participant's HR reaches 110 bpm
The participant's blood pressure drops to 135 mmhg/90 mmhg
The participant informal you they feel recovered
Bob is an older adult who has been recommended by his physician to determine his aerobic fitness. He does not have any balance or coordination issues. Which of the sub maximal tests from the CSEP-PATH manual would be the most appropriate to assess his VO2 max?
The mCAFT
YMCA Cycle Ergometer
Treadmill walking test
One-Mile walk test
If doing a cycle ergometer exercise test and cycling at 50 rpm with 1kg of resistance (distance per revolution 6m) what is the equation you would use to calculate to the work rate (watts) at which the individual is cycling? 1 watt=6kgm/min
1kg*(6m/50rpm)*6
1kg*(6m/50rpm)/6
(1kg*6m*50rpm)*6
(1kg*6m*50rpm)/6
For relative VO2 peak what is the appropriate unit of measurement?
L/min
L/kgFFM/min
ml/kg/min
L/kg/min
Once a participant is seated during the recover process, at what time points do you measure HR and BP? a) Minute 2 b) Minute 1 c) Minute 4 d) Minute 3
What assumptions are made in considering sub maximal exercise tests?
HR will continue to rise consistently throughout each test
There is variability in HRmax for clients of a similar age
The mechanical efficiency during cycling or treadmill exercise is consistent for all individuals
An exponential relationship exists between Vo2 and HR within the range of 110-150 ppm
During the belying Treadmill Walking Test a steady state HR is achieved when the HR does not vary by more than:
1 bpm
10 bpm
3 bpm
5 bpm
In the Ebbing Single Stage Treadmill Walking Test, at which HR range should the client be exercising in within the first of walking?
40-60%
55-75%
65-85%
50-70%
Which of the following is not an advantage of sub maximal aerobic exercise testing?
More accurate
Less Costly
Quicker to carry out
When is the HR recorded during the YMCA test?
During the first 15 seconds of each minute
During the final 15 seconds of each minute
During the first 15 seconds of minute 1 and 3 of each workload
During the final 15 seconds of minute 1 and 3 of each workload
Tracy is cycling at 50 rpm with 2.5kp of resistance. At what power is she cycling?
75 W
125 W
175 W
750 W
The next workload of the YMCA Cycle test requires that the individual cycles at a power of 200 W. How much total weight must be on the weight basket to increase the resistance to this power?
3 kg
3.5 kg
4 kg
4.5 kg
A 65 kg female is using the treadmill walking test to estimate VO2 max. She is 52 years old. Her speed is initially 3.2 mph but adjusted to 3.5 mph after her first minute of warm up. She reaches steady state HR of 104 bpm. What is her estimated VO2 max?
36.8 ml/kg/min
3.2 L/min
42.7 ml/kg/min
34.3 ml/kg/min
You are performing the Ebbing Treadmill Test on a 48-year old male. After the first minute of warmup, the following HR should be maintained:
85
104
125
What is the HR cut-off for sufficient recover after the Ebbing Treadmill?
121
120
99
100
Technically speaking, what is the most accurate determinant of max. oxygen consumption?
A non exercise model for prediction of VO2 max
A graded submaximal test
A graded maximal test with collected expired gases
During the Cycle Exercise Tolerance Test, which of the following is the only variable the participant can change at their will?
Cadence
Resistance
Duration
All are predetermined and constant
Badr has just completed the 10 minute cycle exercise tolerance test, he was able to maintain a cadence of 90 rpm throughout the test. What was his total power in kpm/min?
270 kpm/min
1620
2700
16200
What do Vollard et al. report happens when inactive participants undergo a period of aerobic training?
There is an equal increase in VO2 max and aerobic performance
Improvements of VO2 max and aerobic performance occur independent of one another
The improvement in VO2 max far outweighs the improvements in aerobic performance
There is not change in either
What did Vollard et al. Conclude?
Vo2 max is a good determinant of improvements in aerobic performance
Improvements in Vo2 max and metabolic control combine to explain enhanced aerobic performance
Individuals who are low responders to Vo2 max following aerobic exercise are also low responders to aerobic performance following aerobic exercise
In which of the following scenarios would you use an aerobic performance test in place of VO2 max?
To determine max. O2 consumption
To predict performance of 20km cycling time trial
To assess cardiovascular disease risk
Which of the following is not part of the protocol for exercise tolerance treadmill test?
Participants walk at 0% grade for warm up, then increase to 5% for duration of test
Participants self select speed throughout duration of test
Test measures total distance covered in 12 minutes
Speed is recorded every 20 seconds throughout test
Which of the following is part of the protocol for the exercise tolerance cycle test?
It is defined as a constant work test
Resistance is set at 5kp
Participant cycles at desired cadence
HR is recorded every 20 seconds throughout duration of test
What is the main reason for measuring exercise tolerance in addition to VO2 max in KNPE 355?
Athletes rely more on exercise tolerance as an indicator of performance
There are fewer technical errors associated with measuring exercise tolerance vs. VO2 max
Individuals can improve exercise tolerance without improving VO2 max
There is no point in measuring exercise tolerance
Which of the following is the best predictor of initial onset disability?
Upper body strength
Lower body strength
Balance/coordination
Enhanced musculoskeletal fitness is positively associated with all of the following except:
Bone health
Glucose Homeostasis
Mobility
Aerobic Capacity
The push-up test is important for assessing which component of musculoskeletal fitness?
Flexibility
Endurance
Power
Strength
The sit and reach test assess the flexibility of what part of the body?
Upper Back
Hamstring
Hip
Calf Muscles
Termination for the push-up test includes all of the following except:
If the client feels pain and discomfort
When the client performs a maximum of 25 push ups in 1 minute
When client is unable to maintain proper push-up technique over 2 reps
All of the above are indications to terminate
The vertical jump test is used to assess which component of musculoskeletal fitness?
Termination criteria for the back extension test include all of the following except:
Client experiences pain or discomfort
Maintained the test for 3 minutes (180 seconds)
Torso drops below the horizontal on one occasion
The client is fatigued and wants to stop
The one-leg stance is terminated after completing a maximum of
1 minute
30 seconds
45 seconds
2 minutes
Balancing on one leg requires all of the following except:
Static Balance
Dynamic Balance
Leg Strength
Integration of visual and inner ear signals and receptors in the muscles and joints
The back extension test measures what component of musculoskeletal fitness
Back endurance
Core Endurance
Leg Endurance
In subjective physical activity questionnaires, an example of the floor effect is:
When activities that are less intense than brisk walking cannot be accounted for
When light PA is self-reported as a higher intensity
When resistance exercises cannot be accounted for
When sedentary behaviour is not self-recorded properly
In self-reported PA questionnaires what aspect of PA is the least reliably reported?
Frequency
Intensity
No aspect is less reliable than another
What type of validity is most ideal to measure on a PA questionnaire
Concurrent Validity
Predictive Validity
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity
